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파괴된 도시에서 스마트 토지관리까지
한국 도시환경의 변화를 읽다

한국은 20세기 중반 전쟁의 후유증과 가난을 극복하고, 신속하고 지속가능한 성장을 이룩했다. 경제가 빠르게 성장하는 가운데 다수의 빈민촌은 오늘날 도시에서 더 이상 찾아보기 어려워졌다. 김세훈 교수를 필두로 한 서울대학교 환경대학원의 도시설계연구실(Urban Studies and Design Lab) 연구진의 긴밀한 협업을 통해 저술된 이 책은 한국전쟁 이후부터 오늘날에 이르기까지 한국의 도시환경을 갖추는 데 기여한 주요 토지관리 정책과 도시개발 사례를 국내외 독자에게 소개한다. 먼저 한국의 지속가능한 성장 모습을 요약하고 고도성장기 도시화에 따른 문제점과 토지갈등을 고찰한다. 그다음 사례로서 1950년대 농지개혁의 의미와 결과, 오늘날 성남시의 원도심을 형성하게 된 광주대단지 조성, 토지구획정리사업 및 서울의 마지막 달동네라 불리는 백사마을 재개발 등을 다루었고, 토지소유 및 사용권의 제도화와 최근 도입된 디지털 정보를 활용한 스마트 토지관리정책 등도 살펴본다.
South Korea is well known for its transition from an impoverished nation to a model of rapid, sustainable growth. The economy emerged quickly away from the post-war damage, and the spread of illegal settlements was mitigated. The book describes a set of policies and planning actions implemented in the country's fragile condition from the aftermath of the war in the 1950s to the present. The desirable state of balanced growth was supported by secured access to land for efficient uses and the governments' timely intervention in the conflicts between landowners and de facto occupants. Careful management of land registration and land-related information is notable, and the promotion of land development for the benefit of the public has also been carried out. Despite ongoing debate on equitable land distribution, the unevenness of property ownership and imbalanced gain from real estate transactions were addressed based on public policies, with mixed results. Some cases like the Farmland Reform in the 1950s, the making of Gwangju Resettlement Town situated in today's Seongnam, the processes of Land Readjustment Projects, and the redevelopment of the 104 Village - often referred to as the last moon village in Seoul - were included. The book is an outcome of collaborative research in Urban Studies and Design Lab at Seoul National University Graduate School of Environmental Studies.

SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 THE ROAD TO SUSTAINED GROWTH IN SOUTH KOREA
-Instability in post-war Korea and rebuilding of the national economy
-Rapid economic growth and industrialization
-Transition to inclusive growth

CHAPTER 3 POLICY INTERVENTION TOWARD SMART LAND USE AND MANAGEMENT
-Rapid urbanization and urban problems
-Smart land use and management experiences
-Redistributing rural lands and fixing the oligopolistic concentration of urban lands
-Securing land for development: The Land Readjustment Project
-Managing land markets and digitizing land-related information
-Assessment of land management and dispute resolution

CHAPTER 4 LEVERAGING KOREAN EXPERTISE TO INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTS
-Promoting land tenure security
-Using geospatial information to resolve land disputes
-Applying geospatial information to effective land/urban management and policymaking
-Building green growth initiatives for action plans
-Strengthening the capacity of government, experts, and citizens

REFERENCES
INDEX

Among numerous resources, land is a key resource that serves as a spatial basis for growth. While rational land development is beneficial for balanced growth, inefficient development destroys forests and ecosystems. Social disputes about land may also hamper growth. In this context, South Korea’s experience in land management can provide valuable lessons. Having experienced the Korean War after liberation from the Japanese, Korea has achieved a compressed economic development over the past 70 years. (...) During the course of the nation’s growth, a wealth of experiences was accumulated in managing land use and conflicts and implementing land policies.(1쪽)

The basic idea of relocating slum residents to a new town with an opportunity for land ownership appeared to be a reasonable starting point for policy implementation. However, the results were not satisfactory due to the underestimation of the value of lands and properties that were formerly owned by displaced households as well as due to the very poor quality of living in the new settlements. (...) The widespread disappointment and indignation of relocated households led to a protest for protecting the resident’s property rights. The struggle of Gwangju Resettlement Town (Gwangju daedanji sageon) in August 1971 is a case in point for the resettlement project. It gives a lesson that “slum clearance” must not end in the reproduction of fragility from one place to another. Therefore, it is important that the government create a habitable environment and secure land rights first and then implement relocation and resettlement plans.(35쪽)

Korea has grown by resolving a large number of land conflicts. It is important that the government, individuals, and private sector attempt to understand each other’s positions in such improvement. Transparency and accessibility of land information have increased due to the development of information technology, but the technology of ‘communication’, which provides information on situations and interests in the information during the development process, must be improved steadily.(66쪽)

When environmental pollution and the erosion of natural resources outpace growth from industrialization and urbanization, the pursuit of economic growth is rendered meaningless. Although Korea endeavored to protect farmland and forested areas, it struggled with high environmental and social costs arising from rapid industrialization and urbanization. In this context, the Korean government assessed that green growth would be possible when national geospatial information converged with green technology throughout the public sector, private sector, and individuals and becomes a ubiquitous aspect of economic and social activities (Joint Ministries of Korea, 2014). To this end, the Territorial Information Platform was developed in order to digitally manage the entirety of digital spatial information and paper maps produced in Korea while ensuring that relevant data is widely accessible and utilized.(106쪽)