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Literature, as Joyce tells us through the character of Stephen Dedalus, 'is the eternal affirmation of thespirit of man'. Written over a seven-year period, from 1914 to 1921, Ulysses has survivedbowderlization, legal action and bitter controversy. An undisputed modernist classic, its ceaselessverbal inventiveness and astonishingly wide-ranging allusions confirm its standing as an imperishablemonument to the human condition. Declan Kiberd says in his introduction Ulysses is 'An endlesslyopen book of utopian epiphanies. It holds a mirror up to the colonial capital that was Dublin on 16 June1904, but it also offers redemptive glimpses of a future world which might be made over in terms ofthose utopian moments.'
THE ELDEST OF TEN CHILDREN, JAMES JOYCE WAS BORN IN DUBLIN ON THE 2ND OF FEBRUARY1882. DESPITE HIS FAMILY BEING IMPOVERISHED BY HIS FATHER¡¯S FAILINGS AS A BUSINESS MAN,JOYCE WAS EDUCATED AT THE BEST JESUIT SCHOOLS AND LATER IN 1898 AT UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE DUBLIN. HIS FIRST PUBLISHED WORK WAS A REVIEW ON IBSEN¡¯S PLAY WHEN WEAWAKEN IN THE FORTNIGHTLY REVIEW IN 1900. UPON GRADUATING, JOYCE MOVED TO PARIS INPURSUIT OF A MEDICAL CAREER. BEFORE LONG, HE GAVE UP ATTENDING LECTURES ANDDEVOTED HIMSELF TO LITERATURE. HE RETURNED TO DUBLIN AS A RESULT OF THE FATALILLNESS OF HIS MOTHER AND SHORTLY AFTERWARDS, IN 1904, JOYCE MET NORA BARNACLE WHOWAS LATER TO BECOME HIS WIFE. THE YOUNG COUPLE TRAVELLED TO THE CONTINENT AND IN1905 SETTLED IN TRIESTE WHERE THEY WERE TO REMAIN UNTIL 1915. JOYCE¡¯S FIRST BOOKCHAMBER MUSIC WAS PUBLISHED IN 1907 AS A BOOK OF POETRY AND DUBLINERS FOLLOWED IN1914.
THE JOYCES HAD TWO CHILDREN; GIORGIO, BORN 1905 AND LUCIA IN 1907. LUCIA WAS TODEVELOP A DISTURBING MENTAL ILLNESS WHICH GREATLY AFFECTED THE FAMILY AND WOULDREMAIN A PROMINENT FACTOR FOR THE REST OF JOCYE¡¯S LIFE. DURING THE FIRST WORLD WARJOYCE MOVED TO ZURICH WHERE HE REMAINED UNTIL 1919 WHEN HE MOVED TO PARIS TO WORKON WHAT IS WIDELY UNDERSTOOD AS HIS GREATEST AND MOST PRODIGIOUS WORK, ULYSSES.AFTER BEING WORKED ON FOR EIGHT YEARS, ULYSSES WAS PUBLISHED IN PARIS IN 1922 ONJOYCES BIRTHDAY. IT COULD BE TRUE TO SAY THAT IN ULYS.