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Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
List of Tables xiv
Case Examples by Disorder xv
List of Forms and Figures xvi
PART I PREPARING FOR EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION
The Essential Ingredients of Good Therapy: 3 (52)
Basic Skills
Philosophy 4 (1)
General Principles of Intervention 4 (1)
Programming 5 (8)
Selection of Therapy Targets 6 (2)
Sequencing of Therapy Targets 8 (2)
Generalization/Carryover 10 (1)
Termination of Therapy 10 (1)
Formulation of Behavioral Objectives 11 (2)
Behavior Modification 13 (5)
Types of Reinforcement 13 (3)
Schedules of Reinforcement 16 (2)
Key Teaching Strategies 18 (2)
Session Design 20 (6)
Basic Training Protocol 20 (1)
Task Order 21 (1)
Dynamics of Therapy 22 (2)
Group Therapy 24 (2)
Service Delivery Models in Educational 26 (1)
Settings
Data Collection 27 (2)
Recording Session Data 27 (1)
Probes 28 (1)
Treatement Efficacy 29 (1)
Troubleshooting Tips for Therapy Sessions 29 (1)
Conclusion 30 (1)
Additional Resources 31 (1)
Therapy Observation Checklist 32 (2)
Worksheet for Identifying Behavioral 34 (2)
Objectives
Worksheet for Formulating and Writing 36 (2)
Behavioral Objectives
Sample Daily Therapy Plan 38 (2)
Daily Therapy Plan 40 (2)
Report of Observation Hours 42 (1)
Instructions for Using Data Recording Forms 43 (12)
Information Reporting Systems and Techniques 55 (32)
Philosophy 56 (1)
Technical Writing Style 56 (1)
Report Formats 57 (8)
Initial Therapy Plan 58 (3)
Progress Notes 61 (1)
Progress and Final Reports 62 (3)
Tips for Proofreading Clinical Reports 65 (1)
Individualized Education Plan (IEP) 65 (2)
IEP Content 66 (1)
Due Process 67 (1)
Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) 67 (1)
Professional Correspondence 68 (7)
Additional Resources 75 (1)
Sample Initial Therapy Plan 76 (4)
Sample Progress Report 80 (7)
PART II PROVIDING TREATMENT FOR COMMUNICATION
DISORDERS
Intervention for Articulation and Phonology 87 (40)
Treatment Efficacy 88 (1)
General Considerations in the Selection of 88 (2)
Therapy Targets: Where to Begin
Oral-Motor Considerations 90 (2)
Hierarchy of Oral-Motor Treatment Steps 91 (1)
Functional Articulation Disorders 92 (6)
Example Profiles 92 (6)
Organic Articulation Disorders 98 (4)
Cleft Palate 98 (2)
Example Profile 100 (2)
Hearing Impairment 102 (5)
Example Profile 104 (3)
Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia 107 (4)
Example Profile 108 (3)
Phonological Disorders 111 (9)
Example Profiles 113 (7)
Conclusion 120 (1)
Additional Resources 121 (2)
Phonetic Placement Instructions for 123 (2)
Difficult-to-Teach Sounds
Diadochokinetic Rates for Children 125 (2)
Intervention for Language 127 (56)
Classification of Language Disorders 128 (1)
Relationship between Oral Language and 129 (1)
Literacy
Treatment 130 (42)
Intervention with Infants (Birth to 2 131 (7)
Years)
Intervention with Children (2 to 5 Years) 138 (3)
Example Profiles 141 (5)
Intervention with Children (5 to 10 Years) 146 (1)
Example Profiles 146 (12)
Intervention with Adolescents (10 to 18 158 (1)
Years)
Example Profiles 158 (14)
Conclusion 172 (1)
Additional Resources 173 (3)
Developmental Language Milestones: Birth to 176 (4)
5 Years
Stages of Play Development 180 (1)
Developmental Toy List 181 (1)
Types of Cohesion 182 (1)
Intervention for Adult Aphasia, the 183 (56)
Dysarthrias, and Apraxia of Speech
Aphasia 184 (20)
Classification of Aphasis Syndromes 184 (2)
Efficacy of Treatment 186 (1)
Treatment for Aphasia 187 (9)
Example Profiles 196 (8)
Conclusion 204 (1)
Treatment for Motor Speech Disorders 205 (1)
The Dysarthrias 205 (14)
Classification of the Dysarthrias 206 (2)
Treatment for the Dysarthrias 208 (6)
Example Profiles 214 (5)
Apraxia of Speech 219 (9)
Treatment for Apraxia of Speech 221 (3)
Example Profiles 224 (4)
Conclusion 228 (2)
Additional Resources 230 (3)
Glossary of Selected Medical Terms 233 (2)
Suggestions for Enhancing Verbal 235 (1)
Interaction with an Aphasic Family Member
Guidelines for Conversational Coaching 236 (1)
Normative Data for Adult Diadochokinetic 237 (2)
Rates
Intervention for Fluency 239 (24)
Categories of Stuttering Behaviors 240 (2)
Core Behaviors 241 (1)
Secondary Behaviors 241 (1)
Treatment 242 (15)
Treatment Efficacy 243 (1)
Intervention Techniques 243 (3)
Example Profiles 246 (11)
Conclusion 257 (2)
Additional Resources 259 (2)
Sample Phrases, Questions, and Monologues 261 (2)
Intervention for Voice and Alaryngeal Speech 263 (32)
Voice Disorders 264 (4)
Classification of Voice Disorders 265 (3)
Treatment Efficacy 268 (1)
Treatment 268 (11)
Intervention Techniques 269 (4)
Example Profiles 273 (6)
Alaryngeal Speech 279 (1)
Treatment 280 (8)
Mechanical Devices 280 (1)
Esophageal Speech 281 (3)
Tracheoesophageal Speech 284 (1)
Example Profile 285 (3)
Conclusion 288 (1)
Additional Resources 289 (2)
Additional Dialogue Scripts for Voice 291 (4)
Therapy Activities
Client and Family Counseling 295 (15)
Stages of Counseling 297 (1)
Establishing the Therapeutic Relationship 297 (1)
Implementing Counseling Intervention 298 (1)
Terminating the Therapeutic Relationship 298 (1)
Client and Family Emotional Reactions to 298 (2)
Communicative Disorders
Counseling Techniques for Communicative 300 (4)
Disorders
Group Counseling 304 (1)
Multicultural Issues in Counseling 304 (3)
Factors Affecting Counseling with Diverse 305 (2)
Populations
Conclusion 307 (1)
Additional Resources 308 (2)
Appendix A: Code of Ethics of the American 310 (5)
Speech-Language-Hearing Association
Appendix B: Multicultural Tables 315 (12)
Appendix C: International Phonetic Alphabet 327 (2)
Symbols
References 329 (10)
Index 339