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음운학은 말소리를 연구한다는 점에서 우리의 일상생활과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있습니다. 그러나 음운학이라는 학문 분야를 처음 접하는 학생들의 경우 그 기초개념 자체를 매우 낯설어 하는 경우가 많습니다. 그리고 개념이나 이론의 난이도가 높아서가 아니라 낯선느낌이 곧 어렵다는 느낌으로 이어지는 듯이 보입니다. 그런 상황 속에서 이 책은 음운학이 우리의 일상생활과 밀접한 관련이 있다는 것을 자연스럽게 보여주고자 하는 것에 생각의 초점이 맞춰져 있습니다. 그리고 한국어가 모어인 학생들이 중국어 음운 체계를공부하기 위해, 혹은 중국어가 모어인 학생들이 한국어와 중국어의 음운 체계를 대조하고자 할 때 중국어의 음운 체계와 현상을 효과적으로 설명하는 것에도초점이 맞춰져 있습니다. 때문에 필요하다면 양국의 학생들에게 모두 익숙한 영어의 예도 적극적으로 활용하고 있습니다. 책의 부록에는 음운학의 기초 개념을 이해하기 위한 용어가 한국어, 영어, 중국어 순으로 제시되어 있을 뿐만 아니라 한어병음으로 표현되는 중국어 음절의 실제 음가를 IPA로 제시한 표도 첨부되어 있어 연구자들이 보다 용이하게 필요한 정보를 활용할 수 있습니다.

이 책의 출발은 필자가 연세대학교 중문과에서 현대중국어음운론과 현대중국어음운학연구라는 과목을 가르치기 시작하면서 관련 자료를 모으는 것으로부터 시작되었습니다. 음운학은 말소리를 연구한다는 점에서 우리의 일상생활과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있습니다. 그러나 음운학이라는 학문 분야를 처음 접하는 학생들의 경우 그 기초 개념 자체를 매우 낯설어 하는 경우가 많습니다. 그리고 개념이나 이론의 난이도가 높아서가 아니라 낯선 느낌이 곧 어렵다는 느낌으로 이어지는 듯이 보였습니다. 그런 현실 속에서 수업을 하는 몇 년의 시간 동안 어떻게 하면 음운학이 얼마나 우리의 일상생활과 밀접한 관련이 있는지를 자연스럽게 보여줄 수 있을까에 생각의 초점을 맞추게 되었습니다. 한국어가 모어인 학생들에게 맞추어 중국어의 음운 체계와 현상을 효과적으로 설명하는 데에 도움이 된다면 영어 자료도 적극 활용해 보았습니다. 몇 년에 걸쳐 자료를 모으고 이를 강의 자료에 반영시키다 보니 어느새 필자만의 음운학 서적을 위한 기초 자료가 만들어지게 되었습니다. 학기말 강의 평가를 보면 강의 자료가 책으로 나와 강의 후에도 필요할 때 언제라도 참고해 볼 수 있으면 좋겠다는 의견들이 종종 올라왔는데 이러한 학생들의 요청이 이 책의 출판을 결심하게 만들어 주었습니다. 따라서 책을 펴내면서 제일 먼저 감사해야 할 사람은 그 동안 필자의 강의를 듣고 평가해준 우리 학생들이라고 할 수 있겠습니다.
이 책의 독자는 중국어 음운학을 연구하는 한국인 연구자와 한국어 음운학을 연구하는 중국인 연구자 혹은 한국어와 중국어 음운 체계를 대조 연구하는 연구자라고 생각했습니다. 이에 책의 구성은 기본적으로 한국어와 중국어의 음운 체계를 모두 기술하고 있습니다. 1-3장까지는 본격적인 한·중 음운 체계를 알아보기 전에 알아야 할 음운학의 기초 개념에 대해 소개했습니다. 각 개념들의 이해를 돕기 위해서 한국어와 중국어 예뿐만 아니라 필요하다면 영어 예도 역시 적극 활용했습니다. 그리고 4-8장까지에는 한국어와 중국어 음운 체계를 각각 기술하고 종합적으로 대조하는 방식의 기술도 덧붙여 두 언어 음운 체계의 공통점과 차이점에 대한 논리적이고 체계적인 이해를 도모하고자 했습니다. 다만 6장 성조는 표준 한국어에서 성조가 이미 소멸된 것을 고려하고 표준 중국어에서 매우 중요한 초분절 성분인 것을 고려하여 중국어 성조에 대해서만 기술했습니다. 이 책이 한·중 음운학 연구자 모두에게 도움을 주고자 하였지만 지면의 한계를 생각할 때 필자의 주요 연구 분야인 중국어 음운학에 더욱 초점이 맞춰져 있으므로 마지막 9-10장은 중국어 음운 변화와 차용어 적응에 대해서만 소개하였습니다. 책의 부록에는 음운학 기술에 필요한 개념을 용어 별로 정리하여 한국어, 영어, 중국어 순으로 제시해 놓았습니다. 영어 용어가 일관된 것에 비해 한국어와 중국어는 영어를 번역하면서 몇 가지 서로 다른 용어를 사용하는 경우가 있어 이것이 연구자에게 혼란을 제공하기도 하므로 이런 부록이 반드시 필요하다고 생각했습니다. 연구자에 따라 이 책에서 제공하는 한국어 용어와 다른 한국어나 중국어 용어를 사용할 수도 있겠지만 제시된 영어 용어를 참조하면서 기본적인 용어 정보로서 활용은 가능할 겁니다. 또 한어병음으로 제시되는 중국어 음절의 실제 음가를 IPA로 제시한 표도 부록으로 첨부해 놓았습니다. 기저형인 음소 층위에서의 전사와 표면형인 음성 층위에서의 전사를 모두 제시해 IPA가 낯선 독자들에게 중국어 음절에 대한 음가 정보를 비교적 명확하게 주고자 시도했습니다. 특히 중국어 모음을 어떻게 정의하느냐에 따라 음절의 음가 역시 연구자마다 다를 수 있겠지만 역시 중국어 음절을 이해하는 데에 기본적인 정보로서 활용이 가능할 겁니다.
필자의 생각에 기초 연구자부터 중견 연구자 모두에게 유용하다고 생각되는 음운학 관련 필수 정보를 최대한 제공하고자 하였지만 필자 자신의 부족으로 말미암아 여전히 이 책에 담지 못한 중요한 내용들이 많이 있습니다. 이 부분에 대해서는 선후배 연구자분들의 향후 연구에서 더욱 심도 있게 다루어지기를 희망해 봅니다. 이 책의 시작과 마무리 역시, 필자의 모든 연구가 진행되는 동안 늘 그래왔듯, 사랑하는 가족들과 친구, 동료들의 격려와 배려가 있었기에 모두에게 감사의 말씀을 드립니다. 또 특별히 이 책의 첫 페이지를 열게 해주고 생각을 정리할 때 말없이 마음에 안식과 위로를 건네주었던 제주의 섶섬과 문섬에게도 감사의 말을 전하고 싶습니다. 무리 없이 출판이 이루어질 수 있게 도와주신 한국문화사 관계자 여러분께도 진심으로 감사의 말씀을 올립니다. 끝으로 한없이 미약함에도 불구하고 계속해서 앞으로 걸어갈 수 있게 인도해 주시고 지켜 주시는 하나님께 감사와 찬양을 올려 드립니다.

서문·····················································································································································5
1. 음운학과 음성학 11
2. 말소리의 구성 15
(1) 음성단위··················································································································15
(2) 분절음과 초분절음·······················································································16
(3) 음소와 음성·········································································································17
3. 말소리의 표기 방식 24
(1) 말소리 표기와 표기법··············································································24
(2) 국제음성기호(IPA) ························································································25
(3) 한어병음방안······································································································30
(4) 표준발음과 현실발음·················································································33
4. 한·중 자음 체계 35
(1) 한국어의 자음 체계···················································································39
① 조음 위치에 따른 한국어 자음의 분류··············39
② 조음 방법에 따른 한국어 자음의 분류··············42
(2) 중국어의 자음 체계···················································································45
① 조음 위치에 따른 중국어 자음의 분류··············46
② 조음 방법에 따른 중국어 자음의 분류··············48
(3) 한·중 자음 체계 대조··········································································51
5. 한·중 모음 체계 54
(1) 한국어의 단모음 체계··············································································58
(2) 중국어의 단모음 체계··············································································62
(3) 복모음과 활음··································································································72
(4) 한·중 모음 체계 대조··········································································77
6. 중국어의 성조 체계 79
7. 한·중 음절 구조 89
(1) 한국어의 음절··································································································90
(2) 중국어의 음절··································································································94
(3) 한·중 음절 구조 분석·······································································105
(4) 재음절화··············································································································108
(5) 공명도 연쇄 원리······················································································111
(6) 한·중 음절 대조······················································································114
8. 한·중 음소의 변별자질 115
(1) 주요 변별자질·······························································································117
① 주요 부류 자질·············································································117
② 조음 방법 자질·············································································118
③ 조음 위치 자질·············································································120
④ 후두 자질·····························································································121
⑤ 모음 자질·····························································································122
(2) 한국어 음소의 변별자질····································································123
(3) 중국어 음소의 변별자질····································································126
9. 중국어의 음운 변화 129
(1) 중국어의 음성 변이················································································130
① 동화·············································································································130
② 축약·············································································································137
③ 첨가·············································································································140
(2) 중국어의 성조 변화················································································143
① 제3성의 연독변조·······································································144
② ‘一’와 ‘不’의 연독변조····························································154
③ 비강세 음절과 변조·································································158
10. 중국어 음역어와 차용어 음운론 161
(1) 최적성 이론·····································································································163
(2) 접근법과 전략·······························································································165
(3) 적응에 영향을 미치는 요소···························································170
참고문헌········································································································································174
부록
용어 목록····························································································································177
중국어 음절 IPA 전사······························································································186
찾아보기········································································································································195