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"[Liberalism and Its Discontents is] a rare thing: [an] academic treatise that may actually have influence in the arena of practical politics . . . Fukuyama writes with a crystalline rationality."
―Joe Klein, New York Times Book Review

"Liberalism and its Discontents is a sterling book . . . Powerful and well-executed."
―Seamus Flaherty, Quillette

"An eloquent and eminently sensible defense of liberal freedom and pluralism that should be read and debated by leaders and activists across the ideological spectrum. This clearly written and concisely argued book highlights Fukuyama’s lifelong examination of the political theories and systems that shape human history―and in turn get shaped by its developments.”
―John Halpin, Washington Monthly

"Essential reading . . . Fukuyama’s scholarly, yet approachable work is highly recommended for any reader interested in understanding the current political environment." ―Library Journal

"A liberalism under siege from right and left gets a measured defense in this incisive treatise . . . lucid [and] insightful . . . [A]n authoritative and accessible diagnosis of how liberalism went wrong and how it can reclaim its best impulses." ―Publishers Weekly

"[Fukuyama’s] thinking here is democratic to the core . . . A deceptively slender but rich argument in favor of conserving liberal ideals―and liberal government." ―Kirkus Reviews (starred review)

"Urgent and timely . . . A vital strength of this slim, elegant book is that it is crystalline in its definitions, even while acknowledging the complexities of practice . . . A brilliantly acute summary of the way some aspects of liberal thought have consumed themselves." ―Andrew Anthony, The Guardian

Preface

1. What Is Classical Liberalism?
2. From Liberalism to Neoliberalism
3. The Selfish Individual
4. The Sovereign Self
5. Liberalism Turns on Itself
6. The Critique of Rationality
7. Technology, Privacy, and Freedom of Speech
8. Are There Alternatives?
9. National Identity
10. Principles for a Liberal Society

Notes
Bibliography
Index

A short book about the challenges to liberalism from the right and the left by the bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order

Classical liberalism is in a state of crisis. Developed in the wake of Europe’s wars over religion and nationalism, liberalism is a system for governing diverse societies that is grounded in fundamental principles of equality and the rule of law. It emphasizes the rights of individuals to pursue their own forms of happiness free from encroachment by government.

It’s no secret that liberalism hasn’t always lived up to its own ideals. In the United States, many have long been denied equality before the law, excluded from the category of full human beings worthy of universal rights. Only recently has this definition expanded to include, to varying degrees, women, African Americans, LGBTQ+ people, and other historically marginalized groups. As the renowned political philosopher Francis Fukuyama shows in Liberalism and Its Discontents, the principles of liberalism have also, in recent decades, been pushed to new extremes by both the right and the left: neoliberals have made a cult of economic freedom, and progressives have focused on identity over human universality as central to their political vision. The result, Fukuyama argues, has been a fracturing of our civil society and increasing peril to our democracy.

In this succinct, clear account of our current political discontents, Fukuyama offers an essential defense of a revitalized liberalism for the twenty-first century.