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Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter

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  • Àú : Neil D. Jespersen
  • ÃâÆÇ»ç : Wiley
  • ¹ßÇà : 2022³â 08¿ù 04ÀÏ
  • Âʼö : 1232
  • ISBN : 9781119820642
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 0 A Very Brief History of Chemistry

0.1 Chemistry¡¯s Important Concepts

0.2 Stars, Supernovas, and the Elements

0.3 Elements and the Earth

0.4 Dalton¡¯s Atomic Theory

0.5 Internal Structure of the Atom

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Exercises in Critical Thinking

CHAPTER 1 Scientific Measurements

1.1 Laws and Theories: The Scientific Method

1.2 Matter and Its Classifications

1.3 Physicochemical Properties

1.4 Measurement of Physical and Chemical Properties

1.5 Laboratory Measurements

1.6 Dimensional Analysis

1.7 Density and Specific Gravity

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Exercises in Critical Thinking

CHAPTER 2 Elements, Compounds, and the Periodic Table

2.1 The Periodic Table

2.2 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

2.3 Molecules and Chemical Formulas

2.4 Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equations

2.5 Ionic Compounds

2.6 Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds

2.7 Molecular Compounds

2.8 Nomenclature of Molecular Compounds

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 3 The Mole and Stoichiometry

3.1 The Mole and Avogadro¡¯s Constant

3.2 The Mole, Formula Mass, and Stoichiometry

3.3 Chemical Formula and Percentage Composition

3.4 Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas

3.5 Stoichiometry and Chemical Equations

3.6 Limiting Reactants

3.7 Theoretical Yield and Percentage Yield

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 4 Molecular View of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

4.1 Describing Aqueous Solutions

4.2 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes

4.3 Balanced Equations for Ionic Reactions

4.4 Concept of Acids and Bases

4.5 Naming Acids and Bases

4.6 Double Replacement(Metathesis) Reactions

4.7 Concentration of Solution

4.8 Solution Stoichiometry

4.9 Titrations and Chemical Analysis

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 5 Oxidation?Reduction Reactions

5.1 Redox Reactions

5.2 Balancing Redox Equations

5.3 Acids as Oxidizing Agents

5.4 Redox Reactions of Metals

5.5 Molecular Oxygen as an Oxidizing Agent

5.6 Stoichiometry of Redox Reactions

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 6 Energy and Chemical Change

6.1 Energy: The Ability to Do Work

6.2 Heat, Temperature, and Internal Energy

6.3 Measuring Heat

6.4 Energy of Chemical Reactions

6.5 Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

6.6 Heat and Work

6.7 First Law of Thermodynamics

6.8 Heats of Reaction

6.9 Thermochemical Equations

6.10 Hess¡¯s Law

6.11 Standard Heats of Reaction

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Problems

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 7 The Quantum Mechanical Atom

7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation

7.2 Line Spectra and the Rydberg Equation

7.3 The Bohr Theory

7.4 The Wave Mechanical Model

7.5 Quantum Numbers of Electrons in Atoms

7.6 Electron Spin

7.7Energy Levels and Electron Configurations

7.8 Periodic Table and Ground State Electron Configurations

7.9 Atomic Orbitals: Shapes and Orientations

7.10 Periodic Table and Properties of the Elements

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



Chapter 8 The Basics of Chemical Bonding

8.1 Energy Requirements for Bond Formation

8.2 Ionic Bonding

8.3 Octet Rule and Electron Configurations of Ions

8.4 Lewis Symbols

8.5 Covalent Bonds

8.6 Bond Polarity and Electronegativity

8.7 Lewis Structures

8.8 Resonance Structures

8.9 Covalent Compounds of Carbon

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 9 Theories of Bonding and Structure

9.1 Five Basic Molecular Geometries

9.2 Molecular Shapes and the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model

9.3 Molecular Structure and Dipole Moments

9.4 Valence Bond Theory

9.5 Hybrid Orbitals and Molecular Geometry

9.6 Hybrid Orbitals and Multiple Bonds

9.7 Molecular Orbital Theory Basics

9.8 Delocalized Molecular Orbitals

9.9 Bonding in Solids

9.10 Bonding of the Allotropes of the Elements

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 10 Properties of Gases

10.1 Molecular description of Gases

10.2 Measurement of Pressure

10.3 Gas Laws

10.4 Stoichiometry Using Gas Volumes

10.5 Ideal Gas Law

10.6 Dalton¡¯s Law of Partial Pressure

10.7 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases

10.8 Real Gases

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Problems

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 11 Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids

11.1 Intermolecular Forces

11.2 Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

11.3 Changes of State and Dynamic Equilibria

11.4 Vapor Pressures of Liquids and Solids

11.5 Boiling Points of Liquids

11.6 Energy and Changes of State

11.7 Phase Diagrams

11.8 Le Ch?telier¡¯s Principle and Changes of State

11.9 Determining Heats of Vaporization

11.10 Structures of Crystalline Solids

11.11 Determining the Structure of Solids

11.12 Crystal Types and Physical Properties

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 12 Mixtures at the Molecular Level: Properties of Solutions

12.1 Intermolecular Forces and the Formation of Solutions

12.2 Heats of Solution

12.3 Solubility as a Function of Temperature

12.4 Henry¡¯s Law

12.5 Concentration Units

12.6 Colligative Properties

12.7 Heterogeneous Mixtures

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Problems

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 13 Chemical Kinetics

13.1 Factors that Affect the Rate of Chemical Change

13.2 Measuring Reaction Rates

13.3 Rate Laws

13.4 Integrated Rate Laws

13.5 Molecular Basis of Collision Theory

13.6 Molecular Basis of Transition State Theory

13.7 Activation Energies

13.8 Mechanisms of Reactions

13.9 Catalysts

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 14 Chemical Equilibrium

14.1 Dynamic Equilibrium in Chemical Systems

14.2 Equilibrium Laws

14.3 Equilibrium Laws Based on Pressures or Concentrations

14.4 Equilibrium Laws for Heterogeneous Reactions

14.5 Position of Equilibrium and the Equilibrium Constant

14.6 Equilibrium and Le Ch?telier¡¯s Principle

14.7 Calculating Equilibrium Constants

14.8 Using Equilibrium Constants to Calculate Concentrations

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 15 Acids and Bases: A Molecular Look

15.1 Br©ªnsted?Lowry Acids and Bases

15.2 Strengths of Br©ªnsted?Lowry Acids and Bases

15.3 Periodic Trends in the Strengths of Acids

15.4 Lewis Acids and Bases

15.5 Acid?Base Properties of Elements and Their Oxides

15.6 Advanced Ceramics and Acid?Base Chemistry

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 16 Acid?Base Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions

16.1 Water, pH, and ¡°p¡± Notation

16.2 pH of Strong Acid and Base Solutions

16.3 Ionization Constants, Ka and Kb

16.4 Determining Ka and Kb Values

16.5 pH of Weak Acid and Weak Base Solutions

16.6 Acid?Base Properties of Salt Solutions

16.7 Buffer Solution

16.8 Polyprotic Acids

16.9 Acid?Base Titrations

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 17 Solubility and Simultaneous Equilibria

17.1 Equilibria in Solutions of Slightly Soluble Salts

17.2 Solubility of Basic Salts

17.3 Equilibria in Solutions of Metal Oxides and Sulfides

17.4 Selective Precipitation

17.5 Equilibria Involving Complex Ions

17.6 Complexation and Solubility Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 18 Thermodynamics

18.1 First Law of Thermodynamics

18.2 Spontaneous Change

18.3 Entropy

18.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics

18.5 Third Law of Thermodynamics

18.6 Standard Free Energy Change, ¥ÄG¡Æ

18.7 Maximum Work and ¥ÄG

18.8 Free Energy and Equilibrium

18.9 Equilibrium Constants and ¥ÄG¡Æ

18.10 Bond Energies

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Questions

Exercises in Critical Thinking



CHAPTER 19 Electrochemistry

19.1 Galvanic (Voltaic) Cells

19.2 Cell Potentials

19.3 Utilizing Standard Reduction Potentials

19.4 E¡Æcell and ¥ÄG¡Æ

19.5 Cell Potentials and Concentrations

19.6 Electricity

19.7 Electrolytic Cells

19.8 Electrolysis Stoichiometry

19.9 Practical Applications of Electrolysis

Summary

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

Exercises in Critical Thinking



20 Nuclear Reactions and Their Role in Chemistry

20.1 Conservation of Mass and Energy

20.2 Nuclear Binding Energy

20.3 Radioactivity

20.4 Band of Stability

20.5 Transmutation

20.6 Measuring Radioactivity

20.7 Medical and Analytical Applications of Radionuclides

20.8 Nuclear Fission and Fusion

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions and Problems



21 Metal Complexes

21.1 Complex Ions

21.2 Metal Complex Nomenclature

21.3 Coordination Number and Structure

21.4 Isomers of Metal Complexes

21.5 Bonding in Metal Complexes

21.6 Biological Functions of Metal Ions

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions and Problems



22 Organic Compounds, Polymers, and Biochemicals

22.1 Organic Structures and Functional Groups

22.2 Hydrocarbons: Structure, Nomenclature and Reactions

22.3 Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

22.4 Organic Derivatives of Ammonia

22.5 Organic Polymers

22.6 Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

22.7 Nucleic Acids, DNA, and RNA

Tools for Problem Solving

Review Questions

Review Problems

Additional Exercises

Multi-Concept Problems

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