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이 책은 중국천문학과 서양천문학의 교류 및 융합의 두 번째 결과물인 《역상고성(曆象考成)》(1722)의 태양 이론편인 〈일전역리〉와 계산 절차인 〈일전역법〉 및 계산수치표인 〈일전표〉의 내용을 정리하고 분석한 것이다. 《역상고성》은 서양 천문학의 체계를 따른 시헌력(時憲曆)의 원리와 방법을 중국인 학자들이 완전히 소화하여 중국화하고 역원을 강희 갑자년(1684)으로 바꾼 두 번째 시헌력법서이다.

책머리에 ···············································································································3
청나라의 『역상고성曆象考成』 제작 배경과 조선에 끼친 영향 ·························23

제1부 《역상고성(曆象考成)》 상편 제4권 〈일전역리(日？曆理)〉·····················39
제1장 정확한 남북 자오선 그리기
[남북진선(南北眞線)] ····························································································41
제2장 북극의 고도 측정하기
[북극고도(北極高度)] ····························································································50
제3장 지구반경으로 인한 시차(視差)
[지반경차(地半徑差)] ····························································································55
제4장 황도상의 각 지점이 적도로부터 떨어져 있는 도수
[황적거위(黃赤距緯)] ····························································································77
제5장 대기굴절로 인한 시차(視差)
[청몽기차(淸蒙氣差)] ····························································································82
제6장 회귀년의 길이를 측정하여 태양의 평균운행도수 정하기
[측세실이정평행(測歲實以定平行)] ········································································91
제7장 본천의 높낮이가 영축의 근원
[본천고비위영축지원(本天高卑爲盈縮之原)] ·························································98
제8장 양심차와 원지점 구하기
[구양심차급최고(求兩心差及最高)] ······································································111
제9장 원지점의 운행도수 및 본륜과 균륜의 반경
[최고행급본륜균륜반경(最高行及本輪均輪半徑)] ················································128
제10장 영축차 구하기
[구영축차(求盈縮差)] ··························································································140
제11장 균시차(均時差)
[시차(時差)] ·······································································································162
제12장 일출 전, 일몰 후의 박명 지속 시간
[몽영각분(？影刻分)] ···························································································176
제13장 낮과 밤의 길이
[주야영단(晝夜永短)] ··························································································189
제14장 24절기에 접하는 시각
[절기시각(節氣時刻)] ··························································································199

제2부 《역상고성(曆象考成)》 하편(下編) 제1권 〈일전역법(日？曆法)〉 ·········209
제1장 태양의 위치 계산에 사용하는 천문상수
[추일전용수(推日？用數)] ····················································································211
제2장 태양의 위치 계산법
[추일전법(推日？法)] ···························································································221
제3장 표를 사용한 태양의 위치 계산법
[용표추일전법(用表推日？法)] ·············································································242
제4장 절기시각 계산법
[추절기시각법(推節氣時刻法)] ·············································································246
제5장 실제 절기시각 계산법
[추절기용시법(推節氣用時法)] ·············································································249
제6장 각 성의 절기시각 계산법
[추각성절기시각법(推各省節氣時刻法)] ······························································251
제7장 일출입시각과 주야시각 계산법
[추일출입주야시각법(推日出入晝夜時刻法)] ·······················································253
제8장 정기를 알 때 평기 계산법
[정기추평기법(定氣推平氣法)] ·············································································257
제9장 평기를 알 때 정기 계산법
[평기추정기법(平氣推定氣法)] ·············································································270
제10장 평기의 날짜
[평기일률(平氣日率)] ··························································································273

제3부 《역상고성(曆象考成)》 표(表) 제1권 〈일전표(日？表)〉 ·······················279
제1표 태양연근표(太陽年根表) ···············································································281
제2표 태양주세평행표(太陽周歲平行表) ···································································294
제3표 태양주일평행표(太陽周日平行表) ···································································309
제4표 태양균수표(太陽均數表) ···············································································313
제5표 황적거도표(黃赤距度表) ···············································································317
제6표 황적승도표(黃赤升度表) ···············································································324
제7표 황도적경교각표(黃道赤經交角表) ···································································329
제8표 승도시차표(升度時差表) ···············································································335
제9표 균수시차표(均數時差表) ···············································································339
제10표 태양지반경차표(太陽地半徑差表) ·································································345
제11표 청몽기차표(淸蒙氣差表) ·············································································352
제12표 태양실행표(太陽實行表) ·············································································355

제4부 御製曆象考成 上編 卷四 日？曆理························································365
南北眞線··············································································································367
北極高度··············································································································369
地半徑差··············································································································370
黃赤距緯··············································································································376
淸蒙氣差··············································································································377
測歲實以定平行·····································································································379
本天高卑爲盈縮之原·······························································································382
求兩心差及最高·····································································································386
最高行及本輪、 均輪半徑·······················································································392
求盈縮差··············································································································395
時差【原名日差】··································································································399
？影刻分··············································································································403
晝夜永短··············································································································407
節氣時刻··············································································································410

제5부 御製曆象考成 下編 卷一 日？曆法························································411
推日？用數··········································································································413
推日？法·············································································································416
用表推日？法·······································································································420
推節氣時刻法·······································································································422
推節氣用時法·······································································································423
推各省節氣時刻法·································································································424
推日出入晝夜時刻法······························································································425
定氣推平氣法·······································································································426
平氣推定氣法·······································································································428
平氣日率·············································································································429

제6부 御製曆象考成 表 卷一 日？表·······························································431
太陽年根表··········································································································433
太陽周歲平行表····································································································435
太陽周日平行表····································································································436
太陽均數表··········································································································437
黃赤距度表··········································································································438
黃赤升度表··········································································································439
黃道赤經交角表····································································································440
升度時差表··········································································································441
均數時差表··········································································································442
太陽地半徑差表····································································································443
淸蒙氣差表··········································································································444
太陽實行表··········································································································445