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수능 독서 지문을 읽을 때는 지문의 주제와 관련된 ‘스키마’가 매우 중요하다. 스키마(schema)는 독자가 가지고 있는 지식의 구조나 기억 속에 있는 경험의 총체를 의미한다. 독자는 글을 읽으면서 글과 자신이 가진 스키마의 상호 작용에 의해 의미를 구성하며, 문제를 해결한다. 과학, 기술 그리고 국어 선생님들이 함께 수능 독서 영역에서 출제될 법한 주제를 선정하고, 주제와 관련된 필수 개념과 원리를 쉽게 담아낸 교재다.

생명과학
01 생명과학의 이해 ················································································································ 13
개념 사전 14 / 연습 문제 16
02 물질대사 ··························································································································· 19
개념 사전 20 / 연습 문제 22
03 세포 ·································································································································· 25
개념 사전 26 / 연습 문제 28
04 신경계 ······························································································································· 31
개념 사전 32 / 연습 문제 34
05 호르몬 ······························································································································· 37
개념 사전 38 / 연습 문제 40
06 방어 작용 ·························································································································· 43
개념 사전 44 / 연습 문제 46
07 유전 물질, 유전자의 발현 ·································································································· 49
개념 사전 50 / 연습 문제 52
08 생명 공학 기술 ·················································································································· 55
개념 사전 56 / 연습 문제 58
09 생명체의 진화 ··················································································································· 61
개념 사전 62 / 연습 문제 64
10 유전체의 진화 ··················································································································· 67
개념 사전 68 / 연습 문제 70

물리
01 물리량과 역학 ··················································································································· 75
개념 사전 76 / 연습 문제 78
02 여러 가지 보존법칙 ··········································································································· 81
개념 사전 82 / 연습 문제 84
03 파동의 반사와 굴절 ··········································································································· 87
개념 사전 88 / 연습 문제 90
04 파동의 간섭과 회절 ··········································································································· 93
개념 사전 94 / 연습 문제 96
05 전자기 유도 ······················································································································· 99
개념 사전 100 / 연습 문제 102
06 전자기파 ························································································································· 105
개념 사전 106 / 연습 문제 108
07 상대성 이론 ···················································································································· 111
개념 사전 112 / 연습 문제 114
08 양자 역학 ························································································································ 117
개념 사전 118 / 연습 문제 120
09 열역학과 열기관 ············································································································· 123
개념 사전 124 / 연습 문제 126
10 반도체와 신소재 ············································································································· 129
개념 사전 130 / 연습 문제 132

화학
01 원자의 구조 ···················································································································· 137
개념 사전 138 / 연습 문제 140
02 화학 결합 ························································································································ 143
개념 사전 144 / 연습 문제 146
03 탄소 화합물 ···················································································································· 149
개념 사전 150 / 연습 문제 152
04 산 염기 중화 반응 ··········································································································· 155
개념 사전 156 / 연습 문제 158
05 산화 환원 반응과 화학 전지 ···························································································· 161
개념 사전 162 / 연습 문제 164
06 기체 운동 ························································································································ 167
개념 사전 168 / 연습 문제 170
07 액체와 물 ························································································································ 173
개념 사전 174 / 연습 문제 176
08 열화학 ····························································································································· 179
개념 사전 180 / 연습 문제 182
09 화학 평형 ························································································································ 185
개념 사전 186 / 연습 문제 188
10 반응 속도와 촉매 ············································································································ 191
개념 사전 192 / 연습 문제 194

지구과학
01 판구조론 ························································································································· 199
개념 사전 200 / 연습 문제 202
02 지구 구성 물질 ················································································································ 205
개념 사전 206 / 연습 문제 208
03 지구 시스템 ···················································································································· 211
개념 사전 212 / 연습 문제 214
04 지구 내부 구조 ················································································································ 217
개념 사전 218 / 연습 문제 220
05 지구의 역사 ···················································································································· 223
개념 사전 224 / 연습 문제 226
06 날씨 ······························································································································· 229
개념 사전 230 / 연습 문제 232
07 해양 ································································································································ 235
개념 사전 236 / 연습 문제 238
08 기후변화 ························································································································· 241
개념 사전 242 / 연습 문제 244
09 천체의 운동 ···················································································································· 247
개념 사전 248 / 연습 문제 250
10 별의 진화와 우주론 ········································································································· 253
개념 사전 254 / 연습 문제 256

기술
01 데이터와 인공지능 ·········································································································· 261
개념 사전 262 / 연습 문제 264
02 환경오염 ························································································································· 267
개념 사전 268 / 연습 문제 270
03 DNA 분석 기술 ··············································································································· 273
개념 사전 274 / 연습 문제 276
04 신소재 ····························································································································· 279
개념 사전 280 / 연습 문제 282

정답 및 해설 ················································································································· 285

머리말

최근 들어 수능이 끝나면 “국어 역대급 불수능”이라는 기사들이 쏟아집니다. 특히, 수능 독서 영역은 점점 더 어려워져 수험생들에게 큰 부담이 되고 있습니다.
이를 뒤집어 생각하면, 독서 영역의 지문을 잘 읽어내는 능력이 수능 국어 고득점에 매우 큰 영향을 끼친다는 것입니다. 그렇다면 수능 독서 지문을 잘 읽으려면 어떻게 해야 할까요?
그 방법을 알기 위해서는 수능 독서 지문에서 어떤 지문이 어려웠고, 어떤 지문이 쉬웠는지를 떠올려 보면 됩니다. 여러 가지 이유가 있겠지만, 여러분들이 읽기 어려웠던 독서 지문은 여러분에게 낯선 주제와 내용을, 쉽게 읽었던 독서 지문은 익숙한 주제나 내용을 다루고 있었기 때문입니다.
일반적으로 인문 계열 학생들은 과학과 기술 지문을 더 어려워하고, 자연 계열 학생들은 인문과 사회 지문을 더 어려워하는 이유도 그 때문입니다. 즉, 수능 독서 지문을 읽을 때는 지문의 주제와 관련된 ‘스키마’가 매우 중요합니다.
‘스키마(schema)’는 독자가 가지고 있는 지식의 구조나 기억 속에 있는 경험의 총체를 의미합니다. 독자는 글을 읽으면서 글과 자신이 가진 스키마의 상호 작용에 의해 의미를 구성하며, 문제를 해결합니다. 그래서 우리가 어떤 스키마를 가지고 있느냐에 따라 독서 지문을 이해하는 속도나 수준이 크게 달라진다는 것입니다.
그래서 여러분들의 독서 지문 독해 실력을 높이기 위해 선생님들이 직접 나섰습니다. [수능 국어 비법서: 스키마 개념사전-과학/기술 편]에서는 과학, 기술 그리고 국어 선생님들이 함께 수능 독서 영역에서 출제될 법한 주제를 선정하고, 주제와 관련된 필수 개념과 원리를 쉽게 담아냈습니다.
지금부터 수능 독서 지문의 독해가 쉬워지는 놀라운 경험을 해봅시다!
[스키마 개념사전] 사용법 [수능 국어 비법서: 스키마 개념사전]은 과학책이 아닙니다. 책에 제시된 개념들의 정의를 기계적으로 외우기보다는 그 개념들에 익숙해지는 연습을 하는 것입니다. 아래에 제시된 순서에 따라, 책에 제시된 개념들이 지문에서 어떻게 사용되는지를 이해하며 지문을 독해하고 문제를 풀어봅시다.
① 주제와 친해지기! 각 단원의 첫 부분에서는 주제와 연관된 실생활 속 사례를 제시하고 있어요. 가볍게 글을 읽어보며 학습할 주제와 친해져 봅시다.
역대 기출 문제에서 단원의 주제와 관련된 개념들이 어떻게 사용되었는지 보여주고 있어요. 어떠한 개념들이 출제되었는지 확인해 봅시다.
제시된 주제와 관련해 중요한 개념들의 관계를 구조화했어요. 처음에는 어떤 개념들이 있는지 간단히 확인하고, ‘개념사전’ 학습이 끝난 후 다시 돌아와 개념들 사이의 관계를 이해해 봅시다.
② 스키마 쌓기! 이 부분에서는 주제와 관련된 핵심 개념과 그에 대한 정의 및 특성을 설명합니다. 각 단원의 주제와 유사한 내용이 수능에 출제된다면 개념사전에서 제시하는 개념들이 사용된 지문이 출제될 것이기에 핵심 개념들과 친숙해지는 것이 중요합니다!
‘개념 확인하기’를 통해 필수 개념들을 잘 이해하였는지 확인해봅시다.
③ 스키마 적용하기! ‘연습 문제’의 지문은 앞에서 제시한 필수 개념들이 활용된 수능 예상 지문입니다. 앞에서 학습한 개념들이 어떻게 연계되고 있는지를 확인해봅시다.
수능 유형의 문제 풀이 연습을 통해 수능을 대비해봅시다. 그리고 연습 문제 속에도 주제와 관련된 스키마가 담겨있으니, 문제를 푼 이후 관련 내용을 추가로 공부해보세요!
④ 스키마 정교화 하기! 문제 풀이가 끝났다고 해서 공부가 끝난 것이 아닙니다. [스키마 개념사전]의 목적은 수능 독서 지문 독해를 위한 스키마를 쌓고 관련 개념들과 친숙해지는 것입니다. 문제 풀이를 완료한 후에는 다시 [개념사전] 부분으로 돌아가서 처음 읽을 때 이해하지 못한 개념들이 이해가 되는지를 꼭 점검합시다.
그리고 연습 문제의 지문에서 모르는 개념들을 표시하고, 추가적으로 그 개념들을 공부해보세요! 여러분이 이 과정을 통해 연습 문제의 지문을 완벽히 이해했다면, 유사한 주제의 지문이 수능에 출제되었을 때 여러분들이 쌓은 스키마를 바탕으로 지문을 척척 읽어갈 수 있을 것입니다!
그럼 지금부터 수능 국어 독서 영역을 위한 스키마를 함께 쌓아볼까요?