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PART ONE OVERVIEW
Introduction
What Is an Operating System? 3 (3)
Simple Batch Systems 6 (2)
Multiprogrammed Batched Systems 8 (1)
Time-Sharing Systems 9 (3)
Personal-Computer Systems 12 (2)
Parallel Systems 14 (2)
Distributed Systems 16 (2)
Real-Time Systems 18 (1)
Summary 19 (4)
Exercises 20 (1)
Bibliographical Notes 21 (2)
Computer-System Structures
Computer-System Operation 23 (3)
I/O Structure 26 (4)
Storage Structure 30 (5)
Storage Hierarchy 35 (2)
Hardware Protection 37 (6)
General System Architecture 43 (2)
Summary 45 (4)
Exercises 45 (2)
Bibliographical Notes 47 (2)
Operating-System Structures
System Components 49 (6)
Operating-System Services 55 (2)
System Calls 57 (9)
System Programs 66 (2)
System Structure 68 (6)
Virtual Machines 74 (4)
System Design and Implementation 78 (3)
System Generation 81 (2)
Summary 83 (6)
Exercises 83 (1)
Bibliographical Notes 84 (5)
PART TWO PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Processes
Process Concept 89 (4)
Process Scheduling 93 (4)
Operation on Processes 97 (3)
Cooperating Processes 100(2)
Threads 102(6)
Interprocess Communication 108(11)
Summary 119(4)
Exercises 120(1)
Bibliographical Notes 121(2)
CPU Scheduling
Basic Concepts 123(4)
Scheduling Criteria 127(2)
Scheduling Algorithms 129(12)
Multiple-Processor Scheduling 141(1)
Real-Time Scheduling 141(3)
Algorithm Evaluation 144(5)
Summary 149(6)
Exercises 150(2)
Bibliographical Notes 152(3)
Process Synchronization
Background 155(2)
The Critical-Section Problem 157(7)
Synchronization Hardware 164(3)
Semaphores 167(5)
Classical Problems of Synchronization 172(5)
Critical Regions 177(4)
Monitors 181(8)
Synchronization in Solaris 2 189(1)
Atomic Transactions 190(9)
Summary 199(8)
Exercises 200(4)
Bibliographical Notes 204(3)
Deadlocks
System Model 207(2)
Deadlock Characterization 209(3)
Methods for Handling Deadlocks 212(2)
Deadlock Prevention 214(3)
Deadlock Avoidance 217(6)
Deadlock Detection 223(4)
Recovery from Deadlock 227(2)
Combined Approach to Deadlock Handling 229(1)
Summary 230(9)
Exercises 231(4)
Bibliographical Notes 235(4)
PART THREE STORAGE MANAGEMENT
Memory Management
Background 239(6)
Logical versus Physical Address Space 245(1)
Swapping 246(3)
Contiguous Allocation 249(8)
Paging 257(15)
Segmentation 272(6)
Segmentation with Paging 278(4)
Summary 282(7)
Exercises 284(3)
Bibliographical Notes 287(2)
Virtual Memory
Background 289(2)
Demand Paging 291(6)
Performance of Demand Paging 297(3)
Page Replacement 300(3)
Page-Replacement Algorithms 303(10)
Allocation of Frames 313(4)
Thrashing 317(5)
Other Considerations 322(6)
Demand Segmentation 328(1)
Summary 329(8)
Exercises 331(4)
Bibliographical Notes 335(2)
File-System Interface
File Concept 337(9)
Access Methods 346(3)
Directory Structure 349(11)
Protection 360(4)
Consistency Semantics 364(1)
Summary 365(4)
Exercises 366(2)
Bibliographical Notes 368(1)
File-System Implementation
File-System Structure 369(4)
Allocation Methods 373(9)
Free-Space Management 382(3)
Directory Implementation 385(1)
Efficiency and Performance 386(3)
Recovery 389(2)
Summary 391(6)
Exercises 392(1)
Bibliographical Notes 393(4)
PART FOUR I/O SYSTEMS
I/O Systems
Overview 397(1)
I/O Hardware 398(10)
Application I/O Interface 408(6)
Kernel I/O Subsystem 414(6)
Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware 420(3)
Operations
Performance 423(4)
Summary 427(4)
Exercises 428(1)
Bibliographical Notes 429(2)
Secondary-Storage Structure
Disk Structure 431(1)
Disk Scheduling 432(6)
Disk Management 438(4)
Swap-Space Management 442(2)
Disk Reliability 444(2)
Stable-Storage Implementation 446(1)
Summary 447(8)
Exercises 447(5)
Bibliographical Notes 452(3)
Tertiary-Storage Structure
Tertiary-Storage Devices 455(3)
Operating-System Jobs 458(3)
Performance Issues 461(5)
Summary 466(7)
Exercises 466(3)
Bibliographical Notes 469(4)
PART FIVE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
Network Structures
Background 473(2)
Motivation 475(1)
Topology 476(5)
Network Types 481(3)
Communication 484(7)
Design Strategies 491(4)
Networking Example 495(2)
Summary 497(4)
Exercises 498(1)
Bibliographical Notes 499(2)
Distributed System Structures
Network Operating Systems 501(2)
Distributed Operating Systems 503(3)
Remote Services 506(5)
Robustness 511(1)
Design Issues 512(3)
Summary 515(4)
Exercises 516(1)
Bibliographical Notes 516(3)
Distributed File Systems
Background 519(2)
Naming and Transparency 521(4)
Remote File Access 525(5)
Stateful versus Stateless Service 530(1)
File Replication 531(1)
Example Systems 532(27)
Summary 559(4)
Exercises 560(1)
Bibliographical Notes 561(2)
Distributed Coordination
Event Ordering 563(3)
Mutual Exclusion 566(3)
Atomicity 569(4)
Concurrency Control 573(5)
Deadlock Handling 578(8)
Election Algorithms 586(2)
Reaching Agreement 588(3)
Summary 591(6)
Exercises 592(1)
Bibliographical Notes 593(4)
PART SIX PROTECTION AND SECURITY
Protection
Goals of Protection 597(1)
Domain of Protection 598(6)
Access Matrix 604(4)
Implementation of Access Matrix 608(3)
Revocation of Access Rights 611(2)
Capability-Based Systems 613(3)
Language-Based Protection 616(4)
Summary 620(3)
Exercises 620(1)
Bibliographical Notes 621(2)
Security
The Security Problem 623(2)
Authentication 625(3)
One-Time Passwords 628(1)
Program Threats 629(1)
System Threats 630(4)
Threat Monitoring 634(3)
Encryption 637(2)
Computer-Security Classifications 639(1)
An Example Security Model: Windows NT 640(2)
Summary 642(5)
Exercises 643(1)
Bibliographical Notes 644(3)
PART SEVEN CASE STUDIES
The UNIX System
History 647(6)
Design Principles 653(1)
Programmer Interface 654(9)
User Interface 663(3)
Process Management 666(5)
Memory Management 671(4)
File System 675(8)
I/O System 683(4)
Interprocess Communication 687(5)
Summary 692(5)
Exercises 693(1)
Bibliographical Notes 694(3)
The Linux System
History 697(5)
Design Principles 702(3)
Kernel Modules 705(4)
Process Management 709(4)
Scheduling 713(4)
Memory Management 717(8)
File Systems 725(5)
Input and Output 730(4)
Interprocess Communication 734(2)
Network Structure 736(2)
Security 738(3)
Summary 741(4)
Exercises 742(1)
Bibliographical Notes 743(2)
Windows NT
History 745(1)
Design Principles 746(1)
System Components 747(16)
Environmental Subsystems 763(3)
File System 766(7)
Networking 773(6)
Programmer Interface 779(7)
Summary 786(3)
Exercises 786(1)
Bibliographical Notes 787(2)
Historical Perspective
Early Systems 789(6)
Atlas 795(1)
XDS-940 796(1)
THE 797(1)
RC 4000 798(1)
CTSS 799(1)
MULTICS 799(1)
OS/360 800(2)
Mach 802(1)
Other Systems 803(2)
Bibliography 805(34)
Credits