추가 적립 안내

Preface and Acknowledgments xxi
Preface and Acknowledgments to the Third Edition xxiii
Preface to the Second Edition xxv
Preface to the First Edition xxvii
Acknowledgments to the First and Second Editions xxix
Introduction and Overview 1 (16)
Introduction 1 (1)
Overview 2 (15)
Innate and Acquired Immunity 2 (1)
Active, Passive, and Adoptive Immunization 3 (1)
Characteristics of the Immune Response 4 (1)
Cells Involved in the Acquired Immune 4 (1)
Response
Clonal Selection Theory 5 (2)
Humoral and Cellular Immunity 7 (4)
Generation of Diversity in the Immune 11 (1)
Response
Benefits of Immunology 11 (1)
Damaging Effects of the Immune Response 12 (1)
Regulation of the Immune Response 13 (1)
The Future of Immunology 13 (4)
Elements of Innate and Acquired Immunity 17 (24)
Introduction 17 (1)
Innate (Nonspecific) Immunity 17 (9)
Physiologic and Chemical Barriers (Skin 18 (1)
and Mucous Membranes)
Cellular Defenses 18 (1)
Phagocytosis and Extracellular Killing 18 (6)
Inflammation 24 (2)
Fever 26 (1)
Biologically Active Substances 26 (1)
Acquired Immunity 26 (1)
Cells Involved in the Immune Response 27 (6)
Lymphatic Organs 27 (6)
Lymphocyte Recirculation 33 (1)
The Fate of Antigen After Penetration 34 (2)
Interrelationship Between Innate and 36 (1)
Acquired Immunity
Summary 36 (1)
References 37 (1)
Review Questions 37 (1)
Answers to Review Questions 38 (3)
Immunogens and Antigens 41 (16)
Introduction 41 (1)
Requirements for Immunogenicity 42 (4)
Foreignness 42 (1)
High Molecular Weight 42 (1)
Chemical Complexity 42 (1)
Degradability 43 (1)
Haptens 43 (2)
Further Requirements for Immunogenicity 45 (1)
Primary and Secondary Responses 46 (1)
Antigenicity and Antigen-Binding Site 46 (1)
Epitopes Recognized by B Cells and T Cells 47 (2)
Major Classes of Antigens 49 (2)
Binding of Antigen with Antigen-Specific 51 (1)
Antibodies or T Cells
Cross-Reactivity 51 (1)
Immunologic Adjuvants 52 (1)
Summary 53 (1)
References 54 (1)
Review Questions 54 (1)
Answers to Review Questions 55 (2)
Antibody Structure and Function 57 (30)
Introduction 57 (1)
Isolation and Characterization 58 (1)
Structure of Light and Heavy Chains 59 (3)
Domains 62 (1)
Hinge Region 63 (1)
Variable Region 63 (2)
Immunoglobulin Variants 65 (4)
Isotypes of Immunoglobulins 65 (1)
Allotypes 66 (1)
Idiotypes 66 (3)
Structural Features of IgG 69 (1)
Biologic Properties of IgG 69 (5)
Agglutination and Formation of Precipitate 71 (1)
Passage Through the Placenta and 72 (1)
Absorption in Neonates
Opsonization 72 (1)
Antibody-Dependent, Cell-Mediated 72 (1)
Cytotoxicity
Activation of Complement 73 (1)
Neutralization of Toxin 73 (1)
Immobilization of Bacteria 73 (1)
Neutralization of Viruses 74 (1)
Structural Features of IgM 74 (1)
Biological Properties of IgM 74 (2)
Agglutination 75 (1)
Isohemagglutinins 75 (1)
Activation of Complement 76 (1)
Structural and Biologic Properties of IgA 76 (2)
Role in Mucosal Infections 77 (1)
Bactericidal Activity 78 (1)
Antiviral Activity 78 (1)
Structural and Biologic Properties of IgD 78 (1)
Structural and Biologic Properties of IgE 79 (1)
Importance of IgE in Parasitic Infections 79 (1)
and Hypersensitivity Reactions
Kinetics of the Antibody Response Following 79 (2)
Immunization
Primary Response 79 (1)
Secondary Response 80 (1)
The Immunoglobulin Superfamily 81 (1)
Summary 82 (1)
References 83 (1)
Review Questions 84 (1)
Answers to Review Questions 85 (2)
Antigen--Antibody Interactions, Immune 87 (30)
Assays, and Experimental Systems
Introduction 87 (2)
Primary Interactions Between Antibody and 89 (2)
Antigen
Association Constant 90 (1)
Affinity and Avidity 91 (1)
Secondary Interactions Between Antibody and 91 (7)
Antigen
Agglutination Reactions 91 (3)
Precipitation Reaction 94 (4)
Immunoassays 98 (4)
Direct Binding Immunoassays 98 (3)
Solid-Phase Immunoassays 101 (1)
Immunofluorescence 102 (1)
Direct Immunofluorescence 102 (1)
Indirect Immunofluorescence 103 (1)
Fluorescence-Activated Cell-Sorting Analysis 103 (1)
Immunoabsorption and Immunoadsorption 104 (1)
Assays to Assess Lymphocyte Function 105 (1)
B-Cell and T-Cell Proliferation Assays 105 (1)
Antibody Production by B Cells 106 (1)
Effector Cell Assays for T Cells and NK 106 (1)
Cells
Cell Culture Systems 106 (1)
Primary Cell Cultures and Cloned Lymphoid 106 (1)
Cell Lines
Monoclonal and Genetically Engineered 107 (1)
Antibodies
Monoclonal Antibodies 107 (1)
T-Cell Hybridomas 108 (1)
Genetically Engineered Molecules and 108 (2)
Receptors
Experimental Animal Models 110 (1)
Inbred Strains 110 (1)
Adoptive Transfer 110 (1)
SCID Mice 111 (1)
Thymectomized and Congenically Athymic 111 (1)
(Nude) Mice
Transgenic Mice and Gene Targeting 111 (2)
Transgenic Mice 111 (1)
Knockout Mice 112 (1)
Summary 113 (1)
References 114 (1)
Review Questions 114 (2)
Answers to Review Questions 116 (1)
The Genetic Basis of Antibody Structure 117 (18)
Introduction 117 (1)
A Brief Review of Nonimmunoglobulin Gene 118 (2)
Structure and Gene Expression
Genetic Events in the Synthesis of 120 (5)
Immunoglobulin Chains
Organization and Rearrangement of 120 (2)
Light-Chain Genes
Organization and Rearrangement of 122 (2)
Heavy-Chain Genes
Regulation of Immunoglobulin Gene 124 (1)
Expression
Class or Isotype Switching 125 (1)
Generation of Antibody Diversity 126 (3)
Presence of Multiple V Genes in the Germ 126 (1)
Line
VJ and VDJ Combinatorial Association 126 (1)
Random Assortment of H and L Chains 127 (1)
Junctional and Insertional Diversity 127 (1)
Somatic Hypermutation 127 (1)
Somatic Gene Conversion 128 (1)
Receptor Editing 129 (1)
Summary 129 (1)
References 130 (1)
Review Questions 130 (2)
Case Study 132 (1)
Answers to Review Questions 132 (1)
Answer to Case Study 133 (2)
Biology of the B Lymphocyte 135 (12)
Introduction 135 (1)
Sites of Early B-Cell Differentiation 135 (1)
Ontogeny of the B Lymphocyte 136 (5)
Early Phases of B-Cell Differentiation: 136 (2)
Pro-B and Pre-B Cells
Immature B Cells 138 (1)
Mature B Cells 139 (1)
Anatomical Distribution of B-Cell 140 (1)
Populations
B-1 or CD5+ B Cells 140 (1)
B-Cell Membrane Proteins 141 (2)
Antigen-Binding Molecules: Membrane 141 (1)
Immunoglobulin
Signal Transduction Molecules Associated 142 (1)
with Membrane Immunoglobulin
Molecules Involved in Antigen Presentation 142 (1)
Fc Receptor, CD32 143 (1)
CD21 143 (1)
Summary 143 (1)
References 144 (1)
Review Questions 145 (1)
Answers to Review Questions 146 (1)
The Role of the Major Histocompatibility 147 (22)
Complex in the Immune Response
Introduction 147 (1)
Variability of MHC Genes and Products 148 (3)
Genetic Polymorphism 150 (1)
Pattern of Expression 150 (1)
Codominant Expression 151 (1)
Structure of MHC Molecules 151 (3)
Structure of MHC Class I Molecules 151 (2)
Structure of MHC Class II Molecules 153 (1)
Function of MHC Molecules 154 (8)
Antigen Processing and Presentation 156 (5)
MHC Molecules Bind Peptides Derived from 161 (1)
Self-Molecules
Inability to Respond to an Antigen 161 (1)
One Antigen can Trigger MHC Class I- or 161 (1)
Class II-Restricted Responses
Diversity of MHC Molecules: MHC Association 162 (2)
with Resistance and Susceptibility to
Disease
Other Genes Within the MHC Region 164 (1)
Summary 165 (1)
References 166 (1)
Review Questions 166 (1)
Answers to Review Questions 167 (2)
Biology of the T Lymphocyte 169 (18)
Introduction 169 (1)
Nature of the Antigen-Specific T-Cell 169 (3)
Receptor
Molecules That Interact with Antigen 169 (1)
The T-Cell Receptor Complex 170 (1)
CD4 and CD8 171 (1)
Interaction of the TCR with MHC Molecules 172 (1)
γδ T Cells 173 (1)
Genes Coding for T-Cell Receptors 174 (1)
Generation of T-Cell Receptor Diversity 174 (1)
T-Cell Differentiation in the Thymus 175 (2)
Introduction 175 (1)
Thymocytes Interact with Thymic 175 (2)
Nonlymphoid Cells
T-Cell Receptor Gene Rearrangement 177 (1)
Thymic Selection 178 (2)
Lymphocyte Trafficking to Tissues 180 (1)
Specialized Cells Present Antigen to T Cells 181 (1)
Summary 182 (1)
References 183 (1)
Review Questions 183 (1)
Answers to Review Questions 184 (3)
Activation and Function of T and B Cells 187 (24)
Introduction 187 (1)
Activation of CD4+ T Cells 187 (5)
Paired Interactions Between the APC and 188 (2)
the CD4+ T Cell
Intracellular Events in CD4+ T-cell 190 (2)
Activation
Functions of Costimulatory Pairs 192 (1)
Subsets of CD4+ Cells Defined by Cytokine 192 (3)
Production
CD4+ T Memory Cells 195 (1)
Function of CD8+ T Cells 195 (1)
Killing of Target Cells by Cytotoxic T Cells 196 (2)
T-Cell Recognition of Lipids 198 (2)
Other Ways to Activate Unprimed T Cells 200 (1)
Superantigens 200 (1)