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Preface vii
SECTION I Survey 1 (84)
The relationship of language and culture
Nature, culture, language 4 (2)
Communities of language users 6 (2)
Imagined communities 8 (1)
Insiders/outsiders 8 (3)
Linguistic relativity 11 (1)
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 11 (3)
Summary 14 (1)
Meaning as sign
The linguistic signs 15 (1)
The meaning of signs 16 (1)
Cultural encodings 17 (2)
Semantic cohesion 19 (1)
The non-arbitrary nature of signs 20 (1)
Symbols 21 (2)
Summary 23 (2)
Meaning as action
Context of situation, context of culture 25 (1)
Structures of expectation 26 (1)
Contextualization cues, situated inferences 27 (1)
Pragmatic coherence 28 (3)
The co-operative principle 31 (1)
Participants' roles and the co-construction 32 (3)
of culture
Summary 35 (2)
Spoken language, oral culture
Speech and writing 37 (4)
Indicating status 41 (1)
Social positionings 42 (4)
Protecting face 46 (1)
Conversational style 47 (2)
Narrative style 49 (2)
Summary 51 (2)
Print language, literate culture
Written language, textual culture 53 (1)
Print and power 54 (1)
Social construction of literacy 55 (2)
Text and discourse 57 (3)
Literacy event, prior text, point of view 60 (2)
Genre 62 (2)
Summary 64 (1)
Language and cultural identity
Cultural identity 65 (2)
Cultural stereotypes 67 (3)
Language crossing as act of identity 70 (2)
Linguistic nationism 72 (2)
Standard language, cultural totem 74 (2)
Linguistic and cultural imperialism 76 (1)
Summary 77 (2)
Current issues
Who is a native speaker? 79 (1)
Cultural authenticity 80 (1)
Cross-cultural, intercultural, multicultural 81 (1)
The politics of recognition 82 (3)
SECTION 2 Readings 85 (30)
SECTION 3 References 115(10)
SECTION 4 Glossary 125

This book offers an accessible survey of key language concepts such as social context and cultural authenticity, using insights from fields including linguistics, sociology, and anthropology.