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The FIVE HUNDRED ARHATS of CHANGNYEONGSA TEMPLE SITE is a newly adapted and edited version of the Korean catalog for the special exhibition Five Hundred Arhats of Changnyeongsa Temple Site: Reflection of Our Hearts, presented at the Chuncheon National Museum in 2018 and the National Museum of Korea in 2019. The five hundred arhats were discovered in May 2001 at the site of old Changnyeongsa Temple in Yeongwol, Gangwon-do Province. The arhats’ very approachable, simple, and friendly faces of ordinary Koreans, rather than having the sacred faces of enlightenment, captivated and delighted audiences when displayed at the exhibitions. The Korean word nahan - a transliterated and shortened form of the Sanskrit words arahan or arahat - means the saints who gained enlightenment from the teachings of Sakyamuni. Projecting deep faith surpassing the realm of religion, the arhats of Changnyeongsa Temple Site introduce a new kind of Korean aesthetic to the world.

Foreword

Introduction
Changnyeongsa Temple in Yeongwol

Part 1 REAPPEARANCE AFTER THREE HUNDRED YEARS
Excavation of Changnyeongsa Temple Site
Production Period of the Arhat Sculptures

Part 2 THE FIVE HUNDRED DISCIPLES’ ADORATION OF THEIR TEACHER
Arhats and the Five Hundred Arhats
The Arhat Cult in China
The Arhat Cult in Korea

Part 3 THE SMILES OF ARHATS
On the Bordrers of Humanity
Disappearing into the Gentle Roundness of Stone
Sculptures of the Air, Smiles of the Air

Part 4 ARHATS IN FIVE HUNDRED FORMS
Style and Iconography
Postures
The Head and Face
Mudras and Attributes
Attire
Kasaya Worn with the Right Shoulder Exposed
Kasaya Worn Over Both Shoulders
Kasaya Covering the Head and Both Shoulders
Jangsam
Arhat Wearing a Headscarf or Hood

Part 5 MAKING THE FlVE HUNDRED ARHATS AND DAMAGE OF BUDDHIST WORKS
Granite, the Stone Material Used
Were the Five Hundred Arhats Deliberately Destroyed?

Articles
Iconography of the Five Hundred Arhats of Changnyeongsa Temple Site
The Five Hundred Arhats of Changnyeongsa Temple Site