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¢º ÀÌ Ã¥Àº KIEPÀÇ Vietnam's Low National Competitiveness: Causes, Implications and Suggestions for ImprovementÀ» ´Ù·é Á¤ºÎ°£Ç๰ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
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Executive Summary
1. Introduction
2. National Competitiveness Framework
2-1. Global Competitiveness Index
2-2. Stages of Development
3. Vietnam¡¯s National Competitiveness in the Global and Regional Context
3-1. Background: Vietnam¡¯s Rising Economy
3-2. Vietnam¡¯s Competitiveness in the World
3-2-1. Vietnam¡¯s GCI Score and Ranking
3-2-2. Ranking of the GCI¡¯s Pillars
3-3. Vietnam¡¯s Competitiveness in ASEAN
3-4. Vietnam¡¯s Stage of Development
3-5. Limitation of WEF¡¯s Approach
4. Causes of Vietnam¡¯s Low Competitiveness
4-1. Factor-Driven Growth Model
4-1-1. Leading Role of Input Factors, Minor Role of TFP
4-1-2. Slow TFP Improvement
4-2. Structural Problems
4-2-1. Domination of Low Value-added Sectors
4-2-2. Exports: High Value but Low Value-added
4-2-3. Domination of FDI in Industrial and Export Sector
4-2-4. Low Investment Efficiency
4-2-5. SOEs¡¯ Growing Size but Poor Performance
4-3. Expansionary Policies to Aid Growth
4-3-1. Expansionary Fiscal Policy to Boost Investment
4-3-2. Easy Monetary Policy to Expand Money Supply and Credit
4-4. Slowly Improved Business Environment
4-5. Low R&D Expenditure
4-6. Higher Education: Fast Rising but Poor Quality
4-7. Under-developed Infrastructure
5. Implications for Vietnam
5-1. Low Productivity
5-1-1. Low Labor Producivity
5-1-2. Slow Rate of Productivity Growth
5-2. Diminishing Growth
5-3. Middle Income Trap
5-4. Macroeconomic Instability
5-4-1. High Growth Accompanied with Macroeconomic Imbalances in 2000-2010
5-4-2. Macroeconomic Stabilization at Reduced Growth in 2011-2017
5-5. Low Business Competitiveness
5-5-1. High Business Costs
5-5-2. Limited Labor and Capital Size
5-5-3. Falling Efficiency
5-6. Low Technology Level
5-7. Low Human Capital Quality
5-8. Environmental Degradation
6. Policy Recommendations
6-1. Central Task: Structural Reforms to Change Growth Model
6-2. Raise Technology Level
6-3. Enhance Human Capital Quality
6-4. Improve Business Environment
6-5. Ensure Macroeconomic Stability
6-6. Upgrade Infrastructure
6-7. Learn from the Experience of Advanced Economies
6-7-1. Competitiveness and Stage of Development: Korea versus Vietnam
6-7-2. Favorable Conditions for Vietnam to Learn from Korea¡¯s Experience
6-7-3. Proposed Areas for Vietnam¡¯s learning from Korea¡¯s experience
7. Conclusion
References
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