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급변하는 세계정세 속 디지털 기술의 눈부신 혁신에 힘입어 지식혁명이라 불리는 지식기반사회를 맞이하게 되었다. 새로운 지식창출이 요구되는 사회에서 앞으로 다가올 미래사회 변화에 대처하기 위해 준비해야 하는 것들에 대한 진지한 고민이 필요한 때이다.

『미네르바 인문 읽기와 쓰기』는 세계화 시대에 필요한 융ㆍ복합적 사고 능력과 창의력을 함양할 수 있도록 고전인문 읽기와 글쓰기를 연계하여 구성하였다. 동ㆍ서양의 고전 작품들을 통해 인류가 문명을 이루어 나가는 과정에서 정신적 발전을 이룬 사상적 토대를 조명 및 분석하고 미래에 대한 새로운 비전을 탐구하고자 하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 우주, 인간, 철학, 역사, 예술, 문학, 정치, 경제 등 다양한 분야의 고전 인문학의 원전을 읽으며 분석과 토론을 통해 논리적이면서 창의적인 사고 능력을 기를 수 있다. ‘글쓰기’ 작업을 통해 서로의 의견을 교환하고 자신의 생각을 글로 표현함으로써 비판적 사고능력과 합리적 소통능력을 키워갈 수 있다.

서문

미네르바 인문강좌로의 초대

개나리가 노란 꽃망울을 터트리는 새봄에 우리 대학의 신입생이 된 것을 진심으로 축하합니다. 한국외국어대학교라는 울타리에서 대학생활을 시작함과 동시에 대한민국 시민사회의 초년생으로서 첫걸음을 내디딘 여러분을 환영하며 미네르바 인문강좌로 초대합니다.
오늘날 우리는 급변하는 세계정세 속에서 디지털 기술의 눈부신 혁신에 힘입어 지식혁명이라 불리는 지식기반사회를 맞이하게 되었습니다. 새로운 지식 창출이 절실히 요구되는 사회를 살아가기 위해, 앞으로 다가올 미래사회의 변화에 대처하기 위해 대학 신입생들은 무엇을 준비해야 하는가에 대한 진지한 고민이 필요한 때입니다. IT 산업의 발전과 더불어 엄청나게 늘어난 지식정보의 홍수 속에서 그것들을 재빠르게 흡수하고 처리하는 ‘유용한’ 기술력은 신장되었지만, 다양한 지식과 정보를 통합하고 그 속에서 새로운 것을 유연하게 이끌어내는 ‘창의적’ 사고는 여전히 위축되어 있습니다. 지금의 젊은이들은 아는 지식은 많아졌지만, 스스로 생각하여 결정하는 것을 힘들어하고 창의적 일에 용기 내어 도전하는 것을 두려워합니다. 이러한 상황 속에서 우리 미네르바 교양대학에서는 현재의 교양교육에 대한 깊은 반성과 함께 참된 교양은 무엇을 기르기 위한 배움이어야 하는가 하는 지향점을 생각하며, 〈미네르바 인문읽기와 쓰기ㆍ인간과 문명〉, 〈미네르바 인문읽기와 토의·토론ㆍ인간의 삶과 가치〉라는 인문강좌를 마련했습니다.
〈미네르바 인문읽기와 쓰기ㆍ인간과 문명〉강좌는 기초교양교육의 핵심과목으로 모든 1학년 학생들이 1학기에 이수하는 기초필수과목입니다. 우리 한국외국어대학교의 고유가치인 세계시민의 기본 덕목으로서 세계화 시대에 필요한 융·복합적 사고 능력과 창의력을 함양할 수 있도록 고전인문 읽기와 글쓰기를 연계하여 구성했습니다. ‘인문읽기’는 동서양의 고전 작품들을 읽음으로써 인류의 보편적 문제와 가치를 이해하고 폭넓은 사고의 기반을 만들어 가는 작업입니다. 인류가 문명을 이루어 나가는 과정에서 정신적 발전을 이룬 사상적 토대를 조명하고 분석하여 미래에 대한 새로운 비전을 탐구하고자 하는 것입니다. 우주, 인간, 철학, 역사, 문명, 종교, 예술, 문학, 정치, 경제 등 다양한 분야의 고전 인문학의 원전을 읽으며 분석과 토론을 통하여 논리적이면서 동시에 창의적인 사고 능력을 길러 현대문명에 대한 비판적 성찰이 가능한 교양을 체화하는 것이 목적입니다. ‘글쓰기’ 작업은 텍스트를 읽고 서로의 의견을 교환하면서 의사소통을 하고, 자신의 생각을 글로 표현함으로써 깊이 있는 학문적 사고를 배양하는 훈련으로서, 비판적 사고능력과 합리적 소통능력을 키워가는 데 도움을 줄 것입니다.
여러분은 21세기 대한민국 사회의 주역이자 현대 시민사회의 구성원입니다. 앞으로 사회는 더욱 빠르게 변화하고 구성원들 간의 경쟁이 갈수록 치열해지는 가운데 자신의 가치관이나 인생관에도 커다란 혼란이 올지 모릅니다. 그때를 대비하여 대학생활을 통해 배움의 즐거움을 터득하고, 새로운 세계와 꿈을 향해 달려가며, 가치 있는 일들에 도전할 수 있는 용기를 길러야 합니다. 인문 강좌의 수업을 통해 자신을 성찰하고 타인을 이해하며, 스스로 생각하는 힘을 길러 자신의 인생을 주체적으로 설계해보는 기회를 만들어가기를 바랍니다.
끝으로 『미네르바 인문읽기와 쓰기ㆍ인간과 문명』이 출판되기까지 도움을 주신 모든 분들에게 감사의 말씀을 전합니다. 교재에 출판물들을 사용할 수 있도록 허락해주신 여러 출판사를 비롯하여, 좋은 글을 선정하고 이해를 돕기 위해 번역과 해제를 맡아주신 미네르바 교양대학 교수님들, 그리고 누구보다도 열심히 학생들과 소통하면서 강의를 진행해주시는 인문강좌 담당 교수님들에게 고마움의 뜻을 전해드립니다.

2017년 3월
『미네르바 인문 읽기와 쓰기』 편찬위원회

서문

제1장 우주와 인간 ································································ 15
ㆍ 들어가는 말 ················································································ 17
1. 갈릴레오와 망원경: 존 캐리의 『지식의 원전: 다빈치에서 파인만까지』 ·················· 22
2. 우리의 지구가 죽어가고 있다: 존 캐리의 『지식의 원전: 다빈치에서 파인만까지』 ········· 27
3. 우주적 차원의 감응: 존 헨더슨의 『중국의 우주론과 청대의 과학혁명』 ···················· 38
4. 우주 속의 인간이해: 블레즈 파스칼의 『팡세』 ············································· 47

제2장 인간과 철학 ································································ 61
ㆍ 들어가는 말 ················································································ 63
1. 사람다운 삶: 공자의 『논어』 ······························································· 67
2. 동굴의 비유: 플라톤의 『국가』 ····························································· 75
3. 행복과 탁월성: 아리스토텔레스의 『니코마코스윤리학』 ·································· 80
4. 타자와 죽음: 톨스토이의 『주인과 하인』 ·················································· 89

제3장 역사의 본질 ······························································· 101
ㆍ 들어가는 말 ··············································································· 103
1. 역사의 본질은 무엇인가: 마르크 블로크의 『역사를 위한 변명』 ·························· 107
2. 역사의 법칙이나 원리가 존재할 수 있는가:
칼 마르크스의 『정치경제학 비판을 위하여』 ············································ 114
3. 서양 역사의 기원: 헤로도토스의 『역사』 ················································· 123
4. 동양 역사서술의 전범: 사마천의 「임안에게 드리는 답장」 ······························· 130

제4장 예술과 상상력 ··························································· 139
ㆍ 들어가는 말 ··············································································· 141
1. 미메시스론: 아리스토텔레스의 『시학』 · ················································· 145
2. 예술가의 창조적 정신: 박지원의 「영처고서」 · ··········································· 151
3. 꿈, 도취, 상상력: 프리드리히 빌헬름 니체의 『비극의 탄생』 ······························ 154
4. 예술, 테크놀로지, 매체: 발터 벤야민의 「기술복제시대의 예술작품」 ····················· 159

제5장 문명과 종교 ······························································· 169
ㆍ 들어가는 말 ··············································································· 171
1. 문명에 관한 담론: 정수일의 『문명담론과 문명교류』 ····································· 175
2. 다원적 문명론: 에드워드 사이드의 『오리엔탈리즘』 ····································· 188
3. 종교의 기원과 역할
미르치아 엘리아데의 『성과 속』 ·························································· 194
지그문트 프로이트의 『토템과 타부』 ······················································ 199

제6장 자본주의와 시장 ······················································· 211
ㆍ 들어가는 말 ··············································································· 213
1. 경제문제의 본질은 무엇인가 ···························································· 217
로버트 L. 하일브로너, 윌리엄 밀버그의 『자본주의 어디로 와서 어디로 가는가』
2. 자본주의의 형성과 발전
애덤 스미스의 『국부론』 ································································· 229
김수행의 『자본론 공부』 ·································································· 234
3. 시장경제의 대안
로버트 L. 하일브로너, 윌리엄 밀버그의 『자본주의 어디로 와서 어디로 가는가』 ········· 241

제7장 정치이데올로기와 민주주의 ····································· 251
ㆍ 들어가는 말 ·············································································· 253
1. 정치이데올로기
한나 아렌트의 『전체주의의 기원 2』 ···················································· 258
최인훈의 『광장』 ········································································ 266
2. 민주주의 정치제도의 이념과 원리
아리스토텔레스의 『정치학』 · ···························································· 273
장 자크 루소의 『사회계약론』 ···························································· 282

제8장 동아시아 문명과 한국 ··············································· 301
ㆍ 들어가는 말 ················································································ 303
1. 동아시아 문명의 사상적 기원
유가의 덕치주의: 『맹자』 ································································· 308
법가의 법치사상: 『상군서』 ······························································ 311
2. 유교국가 조선
율곡의 「동호문답」 ······································································· 319
다산의 「원목」과 「탕론」 ································································· 322
3. 전통의 균열과 일본근대화의 양면성
후쿠자와 유키치의 『학문의 권장』 ······················································· 326
후쿠자와 유키치의 탈아론 ······························································· 331
4. 동아시아의 미래와 역사화해
유용태ㆍ박진우ㆍ박태균의 『함께 읽는 동아시아 근현대사 2』 ····························· 335

부록 인문강좌 보고서 쓰기 ·············································· 347
ㆍ 들어가는 말 ··············································································· 349
1. 주제 정하기 ·············································································· 353
2. 자료 찾기 ················································································ 361
3. 개요 짜기 ··············································································· 366
4. 초고 쓰기 ················································································ 370
5. 수정하기 ················································································· 385
6. 인용, 주석, 참고문헌 ····································································· 387