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Through hardship, Toward Megapolis Ever-Changing Seoul

Seoul has been criticized for having many problems. However, it is not as if Seoul is without its merits and charms. Viewed from a long-term perspective, the problems pointed out by many people can be perceived as part of the growing process to establish a balance for the city that started out as a city of 200,000 people at the end of the nineteenth century and has grown to a city of 10 million people, all while going through the loss of sovereignty, colonial rule, liberation, the shock of national division, damage from a civil war, the Cold War, subsequent inter-Korean confrontations, industrialization, urbanization, and rapid economic growth.

Part I. The Past and Future in the Present discovers city plans of Seoul and ongoing efforts to develop the city into a better place to live. The past one hundred years has allowed Seoul to digest the changes and shocks occasioned by condensed modernization and war in a distinctly Korean manner and to find ways to respond to desperate situations that necessitated a focus on survival but still dared to hope for more. Although these problems have piled up, the history of Seoul should be evaluated positively. And more attention should be paid to Seoul’s potential. In its own way, Seoul has already achieved new and interesting results.

Part II Politics of Landscape represents careful historical study on the unfulfilled plans and lost dreams which provides the background to understand very interesting divide within the colonial bloc along with the Great Keijo Plan of the 1920s. The interest of the Japanese Government-General to develop Seoul as a colonial administrative center conflicted with that of many Japanese settlers who wanted to develop Seoul as a commercial city, resulting in debates over urban planning for Seoul.
In Part III. Contending Identities, we have a chance to think further on hybrid spaces of the city through. We also explores club culture in the Hongdae area as well as elderly culture area Jongmyo Park. In a city where everything happens so fast?compressed modernization, rapid economic growth, and rapid population aging?this hang-out culture has yet to enjoy full cultural citizenship and seems to be under contestation, even in the so-called “extraterritorial zone for the old.” And we turn to two splendid and boisterous parts of Seoul Apgujeong-dong and Dongdaemun, two different consumer spaces which represent two different lifestyles and cultural tastes, as well as two different living standards.

Part IV. Global Spaces, Historic Times deals with transnational globalization. To understand how Itaewon obtained its unique image and qualities as an alien place is to understand modern Korean history, the US-Korean relationship, the Cold War, Orientalism, Occidentalism, sexism, racism, and much more. Our Seoul journey ends in Itaewon where the local and the global, the Korean and the foreign have always been interdependent.

PART I. THE PAST AND FUTURE IN THE PRESENT
끊임없이 발전하고 있는 도시의 면면을 들여다보며 긍정적, 부정적 평가가 교차하고 있는 도시, 서울이 가지고 있는 잠재 발전 가능성을 타진해본다.

?Understanding Seoul: The Past and the Future in the Present
_HAN Kyung-Koo and PARK Kyung Rip

PART II. POLITICS OF LANDSCAPE
근대의 도시개발계획을 통해19세기 말 20세기 초에 걸쳐 조선, 대한제국, 일제 강점, 전쟁을 겪으며 급격히 변화한 서울의 모습을 살펴본다.

?Urban Renovation Project of Seoul, 1896?1904: Adoption of the Western Modern City Plan
_YI Tae-Jin

?Ruptures and Conflicts in the Colonial Power Bloc: The Great Keijo Plan of the 1920s
_KIM Baek Yung

?Naturalizing Landscapes and the Politics of Hybridity: Gwanghwamun to Cheonggyecheon
_RYU Jeh-hong

PART III. CONTENDING IDENTITIES
홍대, 종로, 동대문, 압구정 등의 지역을 중심으로 세대별, 지역별 문화를 형성한 현재 서울의 모습을 살펴본다.

?Streets and Open Spaces in Seoul (1995?2010): A Cultural and Geographical View of Local Neighborhoods _Val?rie GEL?ZEAU

?The Landscape of Club Culture and Identity Politics: Focusing on the Club Culture in the Hongdae Area of Seoul _LEE Mu-Yong

?Stigma, Lifestyle, and Self in Later Life: The Meaning and Paradox of Older Men’s Hang-Out Culture at Jongmyo Park in Seoul _CHUNG Gene-Woong

?Consuming Spaces in the Global Era: Distinctions between Consumer Spaces in Seoul
_LEE Dong Yeun

PART IV. GLOBAL SPACES, HISTORIC TIMES
이태원의 형성 과정에서 살펴 본 ‘글로벌 서울’의 모습을 다룬다.

?Itaewon as an Alien Space within the Nation-State and a Place in the Globalization Era
_KIM Eun-Shil