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Quantum Chaos and Billiards | p. 1 |
Birth of the Physics of Billiards | p. 1 |
What is Quantum Chaos? | p. 3 |
Resistance of Quantum Dots | p. 4 |
Dynamics in Billiards and Semiclassical Theory | p. 7 |
Quantum Transport and Chaos in Billiards | p. 11 |
Quantum Theory of Conductance | p. 11 |
Semiclassical Approximation and Stationary-Phase Method | p. 12 |
Semiclassical Green Function and Transmission Amplitude | p. 13 |
Autocorrelation Function | p. 15 |
Conductance and Area Distribution | p. 15 |
Motion of a Billiard Ball | p. 18 |
Expanding Wavefront and Lyapunov Exponent | p. 18 |
Birkhoff Coordinates and the Repeller | p. 27 |
Kolmogorov-Sinai Entropy and Escape Rate | p. 31 |
Area Distribution | p. 36 |
Semiclassical Theory of Conductance Fluctuations | p. 41 |
Quantum Billiards with Lead Wires | p. 41 |
Semiclassical Green Function | p. 43 |
Transmission Coefficients | p. 52 |
Conductance Fluctuations | p. 55 |
Semiclassical Quantization and Thermodynamics of Mesoscopic Systems | p. 60 |
Semiclassical Quantization of Chaos and Regular Orbits | p. 60 |
Berry-Tabor's Trace Formula | p. 64 |
Gutzwiller's Trace Formula | p. 66 |
Thermodynamics of Mesoscopic Systems | p. 72 |
Grand Canonical Ensemble | p. 72 |
Canonical Ensemble | p. 76 |
Orbital Diamagnetism and Persistent Current | p. 79 |
Historical Background | p. 79 |
Orbital Diamagnetism in the Light of Nonlinear Dynamics | p. 81 |
Semiclassical Orbital Diamagnetism in 3-d Billiards | p. 86 |
Integrable (Spherical Shell) Billiards | p. 89 |
Fully Chaotic Billiards | p. 93 |
Semiclassical Persistent Current in 3-d Shell Billiards | p. 94 |
Quantum Interference in Single Open Billiards | p. 98 |
Chaos and Quantum Transport | p. 98 |
Ballistic Weak Localization (WL) | p. 101 |
Criticism against the Semiclassical Theory of Ballistic WL | p. 105 |
Ballistic AAS Oscillation | p. 108 |
Effects of Small-Angle Induced Diffraction | p. 111 |
Partial Time-Reversal Symmetry and Ballistic Weak-Localization Correction | p. 112 |
Semiclassical Derivation of Universal Conductance Fluctuations | p. 115 |
Self-Similar Magneto-Conductance Fluctuations | p. 120 |
Harmonic Saddles as the Origin of Self-Similarity | p. 122 |
Scaling Properties | p. 127 |
Linear Response Theory in the Semiclassical Regime | p. 130 |
Realization of Sinai Billiards | p. 130 |
Semiclassical Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillation | p. 132 |
Semiclassical Kubo Formula in Antidot Superlattices | p. 138 |
Drude Conductivity | p. 139 |
Quantum Correction | p. 140 |
Effect of Finite Temperature and Spin | p. 142 |
Interpretation of Experiments | p. 143 |
Orbit Bifurcations, Arnold Diffusion, and Coulomb Blockade | p. 145 |
Orbit Bifurcations in Triangular Antidot Lattices | p. 145 |
Semiclassical Conductivity and Orbit Bifurcations | p. 149 |
Quantum Correction without Orbit Bifurcations | p. 151 |
Orbit Bifurcations and Anomalous Resistivity Fluctuations | p. 154 |
Arnold Diffusion and Negative Magneto-Resistance | p. 157 |
Semiclassical Conductance for Open Three-Dimensional Billiards | p. 157 |
Completely or Partially Broken-Ergodic 3-d Billiards | p. 159 |
Effects of Symmetry-Breaking Weak Magnetic Field | p. 161 |
Semiclassical Theory of Coulomb Blockade | p. 166 |
Peak Height and Wavefunction | p. 168 |
Peak Height Distribution | p. 169 |
Nonadiabatic Transitions, Energy Diffusion and Generalized Friction | p. 174 |
What is Energy Diffusion? | p. 174 |
What is Level Statistics? | p. 175 |
Energy Diffusion: Landau-Zener regime | p. 178 |
Energy Diffusion: Linear-Response Regime | p. 181 |
Frictional Force due to Nonadiabatic Transition | p. 183 |
Future Prospects | p. 186 |
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved. |
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Dynamics of billiard balls and their role in physics have received wide attention. Billiards can nowadays be created as quantum dots in the microscopic world enabling one to envisage the so-called quantum chaos, (i.e.: quantum manifestation of chaos of billiard balls). In fact, owing to recent progress in advanced technology, nanoscale quantum dots, such as chaotic stadium and antidot lattices analogous to the Sinai Billiard, can be fabricated at the interface of semiconductor heterojunctions. This book begins ite exploration of the effect of chaotic electron dynamics on ballistic quantum transport in quantum dots with a puzzling experiment on resistance fluctuations for stadium and circle dots. Throughout the text, major attention is paid to the semiclassical theory which makes it possible to interpret quantum phenomena in the language of the classical world. Chapters one to four are concerned with the elementary statistical methods (curvature, Lyapunov exponent, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy and escape rate), which are needed for a semiclassical description of transport in quantum dots. Chapters five to ten discuss the topical subjects in the field, including the ballistic weak localization, Altshuler-Aronov-Spivak oscillation, partial time-reversal symmetry, persistent current, Arnold diffusion and Coulomb blockade.
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