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Foreword | p. vii |
Preface | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
Emergence and Complexity | p. 1 |
A Quantum Origin of Life? | p. 3 |
Chemistry and Information | p. 5 |
Q-life | p. 6 |
The Problem of Decoherence | p. 9 |
Life as the "Solution" of a Quantum Search Algorithm | p. 11 |
Quantum Choreography | p. 13 |
References | p. 16 |
Quantum Mechanics and Emergence | p. 19 |
Bits | p. 20 |
Coin Flips | p. 20 |
The Computational Universe | p. 22 |
Generating Complexity | p. 25 |
A Human Perspective | p. 28 |
A Quantum Perspective | p. 29 |
References | p. 29 |
Quantum Mechanisms in Biology | p. 31 |
Quantum Coherence and the Search for the First Replicator | p. 33 |
When did Life Start? | p. 33 |
Where did Life Start? | p. 34 |
Where did the Precursors Come From? | p. 35 |
What was the Nature of the First Self-replicator? | p. 36 |
The RNA World Hypothesis | p. 37 |
A Quantum Mechanical Origin of Life | p. 39 |
The dynamic combinatorial library | p. 40 |
The two-potential model | p. 42 |
Decoherence | p. 44 |
Replication as measurement | p. 44 |
Avoiding decoherence | p. 45 |
Summary | p. 47 |
References | p. 47 |
Ultrafast Quantum Dynamics in Photosynthesis | p. 51 |
Introduction | p. 51 |
A Coherent Photosynthetic Unit (CPSU) | p. 53 |
Toy Model: Interacting Qubits with a Spin-star Configuration | p. 58 |
A More Detailed Model: Photosynthetic Unit of Purple Bacteria | p. 63 |
Experimental Considerations | p. 65 |
Outlook | p. 66 |
References | p. 67 |
Modelling Quantum Decoherence in Biomolecules | p. 71 |
Introduction | p. 71 |
Time and Energy Scales | p. 73 |
Models for Quantum Baths and Decoherence | p. 75 |
The spin-boson model | p. 76 |
Caldeira-Leggett Hamiltonian | p. 78 |
The spectral density | p. 79 |
The Spectral Density for the Different Continuum Models of the Environment | p. 80 |
Obtaining the Spectral Density from Experimental Data | p. 82 |
Analytical Solution for the Time Evolution of the Density Matrix | p. 86 |
Nuclear Quantum Tunnelling in Enzymes and the Crossover Temperature | p. 87 |
Summary | p. 90 |
References | p. 91 |
The Biological Evidence | p. 95 |
Molecular Evolution: A Role for Quantum Mechanics in the Dynamics of Molecular Machines that Read and Write DNA | p. 97 |
Introduction | p. 97 |
Background | p. 98 |
Approach | p. 100 |
The information processing power of a molecular motor | p. 102 |
Estimation of decoherence times of the motor-DNA complex | p. 103 |
Implications and discussion | p. 105 |
References | p. 106 |
Memory Depends on the Cytoskeleton, but is it Quantum? | p. 109 |
Introduction | p. 109 |
Motivation behind Connecting Quantum Physics to the Brain | p. 111 |
Three Scales of Testing for Quantum Phenomena in Consciousness | p. 113 |
Testing the QCI at the 10 nm-10 [mu]m Scale | p. 115 |
Testing for Quantum Effects in Biological Matter Amplified from the 0.1 nm to the 10 nm Scale and Beyond | p. 117 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 120 |
Outlook | p. 121 |
References | p. 121 |
Quantum Metabolism and Allometric Scaling Relations in Biology | p. 127 |
Introduction | p. 127 |
Quantum Metabolism: Historical Development | p. 131 |
Quantization of radiation oscillators | p. 131 |
Quantization of material oscillators | p. 132 |
Quantization of molecular oscillators | p. 133 |
Material versus molecular oscillators | p. 135 |
Metabolic Energy and Cycle Time | p. 136 |
The mean energy | p. 137 |
The total metabolic energy | p. 138 |
The Scaling Relations | p. 140 |
Metabolic rate and cell size | p. 140 |
Metabolic rate and body mass | p. 140 |
Empirical Considerations | p. 141 |
Scaling exponents | p. 142 |
The proportionality constant | p. 144 |
References | p. 144 |
Spectroscopy of the Genetic Code | p. 147 |
Background: Systematics of the Genetic Code | p. 147 |
RNA translation | p. 149 |
The nature of the code | p. 151 |
Information processing and the code | p. 154 |
Symmetries and Supersymmetries in the Genetic Code | p. 156 |
sl(6/1) model: UA+S scheme | p. 158 |
sl(6/1) model: 3CH scheme | p. 161 |
Dynamical symmetry breaking and third base wobble | p. 164 |
Visualizing the Genetic Code | p. 168 |
Quantum Aspects of Codon Recognition | p. 174 |
N(34) conformational symmetry | p. 175 |
Dynamical symmetry breaking and third base wobble | p. 177 |
Conclusions | p. 180 |
References | p. 181 |
Towards Understanding the Origin of Genetic Languages | p. 187 |
The Meaning of It All | p. 187 |
Lessons of Evolution | p. 190 |
Genetic Languages | p. 193 |
Understanding Proteins | p. 195 |
Understanding DNA | p. 201 |
What Preceded the Optimal Languages? | p. 204 |
Quantum Role? | p. 211 |
Outlook | p. 215 |
References | p. 217 |
Artificial Quantum Life | p. 221 |
Can Arbitrary Quantum Systems Undergo Self-replication? | p. 223 |
Introduction | p. 223 |
Formalizing the Self-replicating Machine | p. 225 |
Proof of No-self-replication | p. 226 |
Discussion | p. 227 |
Conclusion | p. 228 |
References | p. 229 |
A Semi-quantum Version of the Game of Life | p. 233 |
Background and Motivation | p. 233 |
Classical cellular automata | p. 233 |
Conway's game of life | p. 234 |
Quantum cellular automata | p. 237 |
Semi-quantum Life | p. 238 |
The idea | p. 238 |
A first model | p. 239 |
A semi-quantum model | p. 242 |
Discussion | p. 244 |
Summary | p. 247 |
References | p. 248 |
Evolutionary Stability in Quantum Games | p. 251 |
Evolutionary Game Theory and Evolutionary Stability | p. 253 |
Population setting of evolutionary game theory | p. 256 |
Quantum Games | p. 256 |
Evolutionary Stability in Quantum Games | p. 261 |
Evolutionary stability in EWL scheme | p. 263 |
Evolutionary stability in MW quantization scheme | p. 268 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 286 |
References | p. 288 |
Quantum Transmemetic Intelligence | p. 291 |
Introduction | p. 291 |
A Quantum Model of Free Will | p. 294 |
Quantum Acquisition of Knowledge | p. 298 |
Thinking as a Quantum Algorithm | p. 300 |
Counterfactual Measurement as a Model of Intuition | p. 301 |
Quantum Modification of Freud's Model of Consciousness | p. 304 |
Conclusion | p. 306 |
References | p. 307 |
The Debate | p. 311 |
Dreams versus Reality: Plenary Debate Session on Quantum Computing | p. 313 |
Plenary Debate: Quantum Effects in Biology: Trivial or Not? | p. 349 |
Nontrivial Quantum Effects in Biology: A Skeptical Physicists' View | p. 381 |
Introduction | p. 381 |
A Quantum Life Principle | p. 382 |
A quantum chemistry principle? | p. 382 |
The anthropic principle | p. 384 |
Quantum Computing in the Brain | p. 385 |
Nature did everything first? | p. 385 |
Decoherence as the make or break issue | p. 386 |
Quantum error correction | p. 387 |
Uselessness of quantum algorithms for organisms | p. 389 |
Quantum Computing in Genetics | p. 390 |
Quantum search | p. 390 |
Teleological aspects and the fast-track to life | p. 392 |
Quantum Consciousness | p. 392 |
Computability and free will | p. 392 |
Time scales | p. 394 |
Quantum Free Will | p. 395 |
Predictability and free will | p. 395 |
Determinism and free will | p. 396 |
References | p. 398 |
That's Life!-The Geometry of [pi] Electron Clouds | p. 403 |
What is Life? | p. 403 |
Protoplasm: Water, Gels and Solid Non-polar Regions | p. 405 |
Van der Waals Forces | p. 407 |
Kekule's Dream and [pi] Electron Resonance | p. 409 |
Proteins-The Engines of Life | p. 413 |
Anesthesia and Consciousness | p. 418 |
Cytoskeletal Geometry: Microtubules, Cilia and Flagella | p. 419 |
Decoherence | p. 423 |
Conclusion | p. 425 |
References | p. 427 |
Quantum Computing in DNA [pi] Electron Stacks | p. 430 |
Penrose-Hameroff Orch OR Model | p. 432 |
Index | p. 435 |
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