추가 적립 안내

Introduction to Language and Deafness 1 (32)
Acquisition and Instructional Issues 4 (6)
Exposure, Use, and Representation 4 (4)
Acquisition of More Than One Language 8 (2)
Philosophical Perspectives on Deafness 10 (10)
Clinical Description of Deafness 12 (4)
Cultural Description of Deafness 16 (4)
Metatheory, Paradigm, and Language: A Brief 20 (7)
Introduction
Metatheory 23 (2)
Paradigm 25 (1)
Utility of Metatheorizing and Paradigm 26 (1)
Analysis
Final Remarks 27 (3)
Comprehension Questions 30 (1)
Challenge Questions 31 (1)
Further Readings 32 (1)
Language Functions and Structures 33 (44)
Language Functions 35 (7)
Communication of Ideas 36 (4)
Social Interactions 40 (1)
Identity and Language 41 (1)
Language Structures 42 (26)
Word Classes 43 (2)
Phonology 45 (3)
Morphology 48 (8)
Syntax 56 (5)
Semantics 61 (3)
Pragmatics 64 (4)
Final Remarks 68 (5)
Comprehension Questions 73 (1)
Challenge Questions 74 (1)
Further Readings 75 (2)
Language Acquisition: A Brief Overview of 77 (52)
Perspectives
The Influences of Mental Frameworks on 79 (1)
Language
Introspectionism 79 (1)
Behaviorism 80 (2)
Cognitivism 82 (2)
Sociocultural Frameworks 84 (1)
Theorizing Language: A Glimpse of the Vision 85 (4)
Behaviorist Theories 89 (7)
Classical or Respondent Conditioning 92 (1)
Operant Behavior and Operant Conditioning 93 (1)
Criticisms of Behaviorism 94 (2)
Linguistic Theories 96 (8)
Theoretical Adequacy 97 (1)
Innateness 98 (1)
Competence 99 (1)
Evolution of Linguistic Theory 100(4)
Interactionism 104(6)
Cognitive-Interactionist 105(1)
Information-Processing Models 106(3)
Social-Interactionist 109(1)
Language and Thought 110(7)
Thought-based Hypotheses 114(1)
Language-based Hypotheses 115(2)
Reflections and Other Perspectives 117(1)
Language, Cognition, and Deafness: A Brief 117(6)
Overview
Final Remarks 123(3)
Comprehension Questions 126(1)
Challenge Questions 127(1)
Further Readings 128(1)
Primary Language Development: Perspectives 129(44)
and Issues
Prelinguistic Language Development 132(11)
Development of Form, Content, and Use 133(10)
Linguistic Development: First Word and 143(14)
Beyond
Phonologic Development 145(3)
Semantic Development: First Words, 148(4)
Meanings, and Vocabulary Growth
Syntactic Development 152(3)
Pragmatic Development 155(2)
Comprehension-Production Issue 157(2)
Linguistic Maturity: Three-Word Stage and 159(4)
Beyond
Metacognitive Development 163(2)
Language Development and Deafness: A Few 165(1)
Remarks
Final Remarks 166(3)
Comprehension Questions 169(2)
Challenge Questions 171(1)
Further Readings 172(1)
Orality: Speech, Audition, and Speechreading 173(62)
Classification of Speech Sounds 175(4)
General Descriptions of the Oral Approaches 179(11)
Unisensory Approaches 179(2)
Multisensory Approaches 181(1)
Cued Speech (Cued Language) 181(9)
The Aural Rehabilitation Components: 190(9)
Speechreading and Auditory Training/Learning
Speechreading 190(6)
Auditory Training/Learning 196(3)
General Discussion and Research Synthesis 199(7)
of Speech Perception, Speech Production,
and Speech Intelligibility
Suprasegmental Aspects 202(1)
Segmental Errors 203(3)
Research on Oralism and Students 206(19)
Research on Hard-of-Hearing Students 206(5)
Research on Oral Deaf Students 211(14)
Selected Survey Studies 225(2)
Final Remarks 227(3)
Comprehension Questions 230(2)
Challenge Questions 232(1)
Further Readings 233(2)
Signed Systems 235(60)
Total Communication 237(1)
Manually Coded English 238(46)
Finger Spelling and the Rochester Method 242(11)
The SEE Systems: Seeing Essential English 253(12)
and Signing Exact English
Signed English: Description 265(11)
English Signing: Description 276(8)
Signing and the Development of English: 284(5)
Brief Synthesis and Recommendations for
Further Research
Final Remarks 289(2)
Comprehension Questions 291(1)
Challenge Questions 292(1)
Further Readings 293(2)
American Sign Language 295(44)
Brief Overview and Historical Background 298(2)
General Nature of American Sign Language 300(5)
Linguistic Description of ASL 305(13)
Phonology: A Brief Introduction 306(2)
Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics: 308(9)
Selected Features
ASL and English: Brief Summary of 317(1)
Differences
The Acquisition of ASL: Psycholinguistic 318(10)
and Sociolinguistic Considerations
Phonology: Babbling, The First Signs, and 319(6)
Iconicity
Grammatical, Meaning, and Use Aspects 325(3)
Acquisition Studies: Brief Summary 328(1)
Finger Spelling in American Sign Language 328(3)
The Use of Finger Spelling in ASL 329(1)
The Development of Finger Spelling and 330(1)
English Writing
Critical Period and American Sign Language 331(2)
Final Remarks 333(2)
Comprehension Questions 335(1)
Challenge Questions 336(2)
Further Readings 338(1)
Script Literacy: Development of Reading and 339(88)
Writing
Description of the Literacy Process 348(7)
The Development of Literacy: A Brief, 355(16)
Selective Overview
A Few Remarks on Early Literacy 360(1)
Development
Word Identification and Comprehension 361(9)
Development of Literacy: A Brief Summary 370(1)
Deafness and Literacy 371(4)
Research on Selected Text-based Factors 375(18)
Words and Word Meanings 375(2)
Research on Deriving Words From Context 377(6)
Implications for Vocabulary Instruction 383(1)
Syntax 384(6)
Figurative Language 390(3)
Research on Selected Reader-based Factors 393(12)
and Deafness
Prior Knowledge and Metacognitive 394(2)
Variables
Working Memory and Reading 396(9)
Development of Writing 405(6)
The Product View of Writing 408(1)
The Process of Writing 409(2)
Research on Written Language 411(10)
Use of Written Language Productions 411(1)
Research on Written Language and Deafness 412(5)
Recent Research on the Process of Writing 417(4)
Final Remarks 421(1)
Comprehension Questions 422(2)
Challenge Questions 424(1)
Further Readings 425(2)
Bilingualism and Second Language Learning 427(62)
Descriptions/Definitions 430(8)
Theoretical Models of Bilingualism 438(13)
Effects of Bilingualism: Theoretical 439(1)
Considerations
Development of L1 and L2 440(4)
Theories of Second Language Learning 444(7)
Development in L1 and L2: Similar or 451(1)
Different?
Bilingual Education Models 452(5)
Type of Student 453(1)
Language Goals 454(1)
Synthesis of Research 455(2)
Bilingualism, Second Language Learning, and 457(18)
Deafness
Primary Bilingual Development 458(2)
Effects of ASL on the Subsequent 460(3)
Development of English
ASL/English Instructional Programs 463(4)
Development of English as L1 and L2 467(8)
The ASL/English Debate 475(4)
Bilingual Education Program for Deaf 479(4)
Students: Brief Description of One Model
Final Remarks 483(2)
Comprehension Questions 485(2)
Challenge Questions 487(1)
Further Readings 488(1)
Language Instruction 489(48)
Representation and Teaching/Learning 491(1)
Issues: A Brief Revisit
The Teachability/Learnability of Language 492(6)
Approaches to Language Instruction 498(18)
Descriptions and Historical Perspectives: 500(10)
Structured Approaches
Descriptions and Historical Perspectives: 510(2)
Natural Approaches
Examples of Lessons Using Natural 512(4)
Approaches
Combined Approaches 516(9)
Rhode Island Curriculum 517(2)
Test of Syntactic Abilities Syntax Program 519(3)
Brief Synthesis of Structured and Natural 522(3)
Approaches and Materials
Language Instruction and Best Method 525(5)
Brief Remarks on Language Intervention 528(2)
Approaches and Strategies
Final Remarks 530(4)
Comprehension Questions 534(1)
Challenge Questions 535(1)
Further Readings 536(1)
Language Assessment 537(48)
Language and Assessment 539(3)
Direct Versus Indirect Procedures 540(2)
Discrete-Point Versus Integrative Measures 542(1)
General Issues of Assessment and Deafness 542(4)
Characteristics of Assessment 546(4)
Reliability 547(1)
Validity 547(3)
Practicality 550(1)
Purposes and Types of Assessment 550(3)
Achievement 551(1)
Diagnostic 552(1)
Proficiency 552(1)
Controlled Methods 553(11)
Test Instruments: A Selection 555(8)
Other Instruments 563(1)
Free Methods 564(9)
Strengths and Weaknesses 566(1)
Analysis Procedures 567(5)
Other Procedures 572(1)
Assessment Issues for Bilingualism and 573(1)
Second Language Learning
Approaches to the Assessment of Bilingualism 574(3)
Language Dominance 574(1)
Language Proficiency 575(2)
Final Remarks 577(4)
Comprehension Questions 581(1)
Challenge Questions 582(1)
Further Readings 583(2)
A Brief Synthesis 585(38)
The How Do Question 587(1)
Language and Communication Intervention 587(4)
Systems
Other Issues 591(3)
How Well 594(1)
Language and Communication Approaches 595(5)
Oral English 595(1)
Manually Coded English 596(3)
American Sign Language 599(1)
English Literacy 600(7)
A Perspective on Literate Thought 607(10)
Background on the Importance of Script 607(2)
Literacy
What is Literacy? 609(2)
Performance Literacy: Background and 611(3)
Research
Equity, Diversity, and the Matthew Effects 614(1)
Implementation of Performance Literacy 614(1)