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List of Maps
List of Chronologies
Foreword
Heritagesp. 1
Bedrockp. 3
Ancient Greecep. 20
The making of the Roman worldp. 39
Imperial Rome and world historyp. 58
Christendomp. 79
Re-definitionp. 81
The re-shaping of the westp. 106
Medieval societiesp. 129
Frontiers and neighboursp. 145
The civilization of the Middle Agesp. 162
New prospects in the eastp. 181
Launching modern history 1500-1800p. 203
A new agep. 205
Society and beliefp. 220
The political organization of western Europep. 239
The ancient regimep. 256
The world's new shapep. 279
The European agep. 301
New politicsp. 303
The world's new richp. 322
A new sort of civilizationp. 334
A new European orderp. 346
World hegemonyp. 368
International order and disorderp. 395
Europe's twentieth century: the era of European civil warp. 411
Pressures and strainsp. 413
The breakdown of international orderp. 432
European revolutionp. 448
Crumbling foundationsp. 467
The last years of European illusionp. 482
Europe in the Cold War and afterp. 505
Europe in the aftermath of warp. 507
Europe and global Cold Warp. 524
The end of the European post-war orderp. 548
A new order in the making?p. 563
Postscript: Facing the twenty-first centuryp. 579
Indexp. 587
Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved.

Since its publication twenty years ago, J. M. Roberts's monumental History of the World has remained the "unrivaled World History of our day" (A. J. P. Taylor), selling more than a quarter of a million copies worldwide. Now in an equally masterful performance, Roberts displays his consummate skills of exposition in telling the tale of the European continent, from its Neolithic origins and early civilizations of the Aegean to the advent of the twenty-first century. A sweeping and entertaining history, The Penguin History of Europe comprehensively traces the development of European identity over the course of thousands of years, ranging across empires and religions, economics, science, and the arts. Roberts's astute and lucid analyses of the disparate spheres of learning that have shaped European civilization and our understanding of it make The Penguin History of Europe a remarkable journey through the last two centuries.