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List of tables 12 (1)
Acknowledgements 13 (1)
Introduction 14 (2)
Sentences: Communicative functions and
typical patterns
Introduction 16 (1)
Declarative, interrogative, imperative and 16 (2)
exclamatory sentence patterns
Participants, process, attributes, and 18 (3)
setting
Subject, predicator, object, attribute, and 21 (2)
adverbial
Typical sentence patterns 23 (5)
The running pattern (intransitive verbs) 24 (1)
The being pattern (copula verbs) 25 (1)
The doing/seeing pattern (monotransitive 26 (1)
verbs)
The giving/buying pattern (ditransitive 26 (1)
verbs)
The making/considering pattern 27 (1)
(complex-transitive verbs)
Same verb, different patterns 28 (2)
English word order 30 (1)
Summary 31 (2)
Sentences: Simple, compound and complex
Introduction 33 (1)
Sentences versus clauses 34 (1)
Sentence types 35 (9)
Simple sentences 35 (1)
Compound sentences 36 (1)
Complex sentences 37 (5)
Compound-complex sentences 42 (2)
Phrases 44 (1)
Summary 45 (1)
Verbs I
Introduction 46 (1)
Simple versus complex verb phrases 47 (1)
Lexical versus auxiliary verbs 48 (1)
Finite versus non-finite verb forms 48 (5)
Finite verb forms 49 (1)
Non-finite verb forms 50 (3)
Auxiliary verbs 53 (7)
Progressive be + present participle 54 (1)
Perfect have + past participle 54 (1)
Modals + (to) infinitives 55 (2)
Passive be + past participle 57 (1)
Do for questions, negation and emphasis 57 (1)
Ordering of auxiliary verbs 58 (2)
One form, several senses: be, have and do 60 (1)
Summary 61 (3)
Verbs II
Introduction 64 (1)
Sub-types of lexical verbs 64 (3)
Intransitive verbs 65 (1)
Copula verbs 65 (1)
Transitive verbs 65 (2)
Sub-types of transitive verbs 67 (2)
Monotransitive verbs 67 (1)
Ditransitive verbs 67 (1)
Complex-transitive verbs 67 (2)
Direct object forms 69 (3)
Passive constructions 72 (6)
Ditransitive verbs and passive 73 (1)
constructions
Complex-transitive verbs and passive 73 (1)
constructions
Non-finite clauses and passive 74 (3)
constructions
Past participles as adjectives 77 (1)
Identifying type of lexical verbs in 78 (2)
complex sentences
Multi-word verbs 80 (3)
Summary 83 (3)
Word classes
Introduction 86 (2)
Nouns 88 (3)
Verbs 91 (1)
Adjectives 92 (1)
Adverbs 92 (3)
Pronouns 95 (4)
Personal pronouns 96 (1)
Possessive pronouns 96 (1)
Relative pronouns 96 (1)
Interrogative pronouns 97 (1)
Demonstrative pronouns 97 (1)
Reflexive pronouns 98 (1)
Reciprocal pronouns 98 (1)
Indefinite pronouns 98 (1)
So 99 (1)
Numerals and articles 99 (2)
Connectors 101(11)
Coordinators 101(3)
Subordinators 104(5)
Prepositions 109(3)
Interjections 112(1)
Summary 113(5)
Phrases
Introduction 118(2)
Noun phrases 120(5)
Determiners 122(1)
Specifying versus classifying genitives 123(2)
Post-modifiers of nouns 125(10)
Restrictive versus non-restrictive 126(3)
post-modifiers
Relative pronouns 129(4)
Ellipsis in relative clauses 133(2)
Verb phrases 135(2)
Adjective phrases 137(2)
Adverb phrases 139(2)
Prepositional phrases 141(2)
Functions of phrases 143(4)
Summary 147(4)
Sentence constituents realized as clauses
Introduction 151(3)
Subjects, objects, and attributes 154(8)
Finite clauses 154(2)
Non-finite clauses 156(5)
Extraposed subject or object clauses 161(1)
Adverbials 162(3)
Punctuation marks 165(4)
Punctuation of compound structures 165(1)
Punctuating sentence/clause constituents 166(3)
Summary 169(2)
How to analyze sentences at all levels
Introduction 171(1)
How to analyze non-canonical constructions 171(9)
Passive constructions 172(1)
Extraposed constructions 173(1)
Ellipsis 174(2)
Existential constructions with there 176(1)
Cleft constructions 177(3)
How to go about analyzing long and complex 180(2)
sentences
How to go about analyzing long and complex 182(7)
noun phrases
How to go about analyzing sentences at 189(6)
different levels
Analyzing sentences at different levels on 195(6)
your own
Summary 201(2)
Key to the exercises 203(31)
Users' Guide to the Practice Program 234(8)
Index 242