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Foreword xi
Allan N. Schore
Preface xxvii
Acknowledgements xxxiii
PART I: THE TASK
Point of View 3 (21)
Some characteristics of the present approach 5 (8)
Theories of motivation 13 (9)
Note on the concept of feedback in Freud's 22 (2)
theorising
Observations to be Explained 24 (13)
PART II: INSTINCTIVE BEHAVIOUR
Instinctive Behaviour: An Alternative Model 37 (21)
Introduction 37 (4)
Some principles of control systems 41 (3)
Control systems and instinctive behaviour 44 (6)
Adaptation: system and environment 50 (6)
Note on literature 56 (2)
Man's Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness 58 (7)
Behavioural Systems Mediating Instinctive 65 (20)
Behaviour
Types of behavioural system 65 (9)
Co-ordination of behavioural systems 74 (6)
Higher processes of integration and control 80 (5)
Causation of Instinctive Behaviour 85 (19)
Activation and termination of behavioural 85 (12)
systems
Incompatible behavioural systems: results 97 (5)
of simultaneous activation
Sensory input and its transformation 102 (2)
Appraising and Selecting: Feeling and Emotion 104 (20)
Introduction 104 (2)
Philosophical problems 106 (3)
Processes that are felt 109 (7)
Is feeling or emotion causative of 116 (4)
behaviour?
The communicative role of feeling and 120 (4)
emotion
Function of Instinctive Behaviour 124 (17)
Functions of behavioural systems and other 124 (10)
consequences of their activity
Problems of terminology 134 (7)
Changes in Behaviour during the Life-cycle 141 (4)
Ontogeny of Instinctive Behaviour 145 (32)
Changes that occur during the ontogeny of 145 (2)
behavioural systems
Restriction of range of effective stimuli 147 (5)
Elaboration of primitive behavioural 152 (5)
systems and their supersession by
sophisticated systems
Integration of behavioural systems into 157 (4)
functional wholes
Sensitive periods of development 161 (5)
Imprinting 166 (6)
Comparison of old and new theories of 172 (5)
instinctive behaviour
PART III: ATTACHMENT BEHAVIOUR
The Child's Tie to his Mother: Attachment 177 (33)
Behaviour
Alternative theories 177 (3)
Attachment behaviour and its place in nature 180 (4)
Attachment behaviour in non-human primates 184 (14)
Attachment behaviour in man 198 (12)
Nature and Function of Attachment Behaviour 210 (25)
The theory of secondary drive: origin and 210 (10)
present status
The question of imprinting 220 (3)
Function of attachment behaviour 223 (5)
A note on terminology: `dependence' 228 (2)
Attachment and other systems of social 230 (5)
behaviour
A Control Systems Approach to Attachment 235 (30)
Behaviour
Introduction 235 (1)
The roles of child and of mother in 236 (8)
mother-child interaction
Forms of behaviour mediating attachment and 244 (8)
their organisation
Behaviour typical of two-year-olds in 252 (5)
different situations
Activation and termination of systems 257 (8)
mediating attachment behaviour
PART IV: ONTOGENY OF HUMAN ATTACHMENT
Beginnings of Attachment Behaviour 265 (34)
Phases in the development of attachment 265 (3)
Behavioural equipment of the human neonate 268 (3)
Early responses to people 271 (25)
Nature and nurture 296 (3)
Focusing on a Figure 299 (32)
Introduction 299 (1)
Patterns of differentially directed 300 (3)
behaviour
Figures towards whom attachment behaviour 303 (10)
is directed
Processes leading to selection of figures 313 (8)
Sensitive phases and the fear of strangers 321 (6)
Spitz's position: a critique 327 (4)
Patterns of Attachment and Contributing 331 (19)
Conditions
Problems to be solved 331 (2)
Criteria for describing patterns of 333 (2)
attachment
Some patterns of attachment seen at the 335 (5)
first birthday
Conditions of the first year contributing 340 (8)
to variation
Persistence and stability of patterns 348 (2)
Developments in the Organisation of 350 (11)
Attachment Behaviour
PART V: OLD CONTROVERSIES AND NEW FINDINGS
Stability and Change in Patterns of Attachment 361 (10)
Further development of infants assessed as 361 (3)
securely or anxiously attached
The organisation of attachment: from 364 (4)
lability to stability
Development of conceptual perspective taking 368 (3)
Objections, Misconceptions and Clarifications 371 (8)
Attachment as an organisational concept 371 (5)
Attachment-caregiving: one type of social 376 (3)
bond
References 379 (22)
Author Index 401 (6)
Subject Index 407

This first volume of John Bowlby’s Attachment and Loss series examines the nature of the child’s ties to the mother. Beginning with a discussion of instinctive behavior, its causation, functioning, and ontogeny, Bowlby proceeds to a theoretical formulation of attachment behavior?how it develops, how it is maintained, what functions it fulfills.In the fifteen years since Attachment was first published, there have been major developments in both theoretical discussion and empirical research on attachment. The second edition, with two wholly new chapters and substantial revisions, incorporates these developments and assesses their importance to attachment theory.