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Foreword | p. xxi |
Preface | p. xxiii |
About the Authors | p. xxxi |
Acknowledgments | p. xxxiii |
Observability Methods | p. 1 |
Introduction to Observability Tools | p. 3 |
Observability Tools | p. 4 |
Drill-Down Analysis | p. 7 |
About Part One | p. 8 |
CPUs | p. 11 |
Tools for CPU Analysis | p. 11 |
vmstat Tool | p. 13 |
CPU Utilization | p. 14 |
CPU Saturation | p. 15 |
psrinfo Command | p. 15 |
uptime Command | p. 15 |
sar Command | p. 16 |
Clock Tick Woes | p. 19 |
mpstat Command | p. 20 |
Who Is Using the CPU? | p. 23 |
CPU Run Queue Latency | p. 24 |
CPU Statistics Internals | p. 26 |
Using DTrace to Explain Events from Performance Tools | p. 29 |
DTrace Versions of runq-sz, %runocc | p. 31 |
DTrace Probes for CPU States | p. 33 |
Processes | p. 35 |
Tools for Process Analysis | p. 35 |
Process Statistics Summary: prstat | p. 37 |
Process Status: ps | p. 41 |
Tools for Listing and Controlling Processes | p. 45 |
Process Introspection Commands | p. 47 |
Examining User-Level Locks in a Process | p. 52 |
Tracing Processes | p. 53 |
Java Processes | p. 60 |
Disk Behavior and Analysis | p. 67 |
Terms for Disk Analysis | p. 67 |
Random vs. Sequential I/O | p. 69 |
Storage Arrays | p. 70 |
Sector Zoning | p. 71 |
Max I/O Size | p. 72 |
iostat Utility | p. 73 |
Disk Utilization | p. 74 |
Disk Saturation | p. 75 |
Disk Throughput | p. 76 |
iostat Reference | p. 76 |
Reading iostat | p. 82 |
iostat Internals | p. 85 |
sar -d | p. 87 |
Trace Normal Form (TNF) Tracing for I/O | p. 88 |
DTrace for I/O | p. 88 |
Disk I/O Time | p. 97 |
DTraceToolkit Commands | p. 101 |
DTraceTazTool | p. 108 |
File Systems | p. 109 |
Layers of File System and I/O | p. 109 |
Observing Physical I/O | p. 111 |
File System Latency | p. 112 |
Causes of Read/Write File System Latency | p. 114 |
Observing File System "Top End" Activity | p. 118 |
File System Caches | p. 119 |
NFS Statistics | p. 133 |
Memory | p. 135 |
Tools for Memory Analysis | p. 135 |
vmstat (1M) Command | p. 137 |
Types of Paging | p. 138 |
Physical Memory Allocation | p. 142 |
Relieving Memory Pressure | p. 144 |
Scan Rate as a Memory Health Indicator | p. 146 |
Process Virtual and Resident Set Size | p. 148 |
Using pmap to Inspect Process Memory Usage | p. 149 |
Calculating Process Memory Usage with ps and pmap | p. 150 |
Displaying Page-Size Information with pmap | p. 153 |
Using DTrace for Memory Analysis | p. 154 |
Obtaining Memory Kstats | p. 157 |
Using the Perl Kstat API to Look at Memory Statistics | p. 158 |
System Memory Allocation Kstats | p. 158 |
Kernel Memory with kstat | p. 160 |
System Paging Kstats | p. 161 |
Observing MMU Performance Impact with trapstat | p. 163 |
Swap Space | p. 164 |
Networks | p. 173 |
Terms for Network Analysis | p. 173 |
Packets Are Not Bytes | p. 175 |
Network Utilization | p. 176 |
Network Saturation | p. 177 |
Network Errors | p. 177 |
Misconfigurations | p. 177 |
Systemwide Statistics | p. 178 |
Per-Process Network Statistics | p. 189 |
TCP Statistics | p. 191 |
IP Statistics | p. 196 |
ICMP Statistics | p. 199 |
Performance Counters | p. 203 |
Introducing CPU Caches | p. 203 |
cpustat Command | p. 206 |
cputrack Command | p. 215 |
busstat Command | p. 216 |
Kernel Monitoring | p. 221 |
Tools for Kernel Monitoring | p. 221 |
Profiling the Kernel and Drivers | p. 222 |
Analyzing Kernel Locks | p. 223 |
DTrace lockstat Provider | p. 227 |
DTrace Kernel Profiling | p. 229 |
Interrupt Statistics: vmstat -i | p. 230 |
Interrupt Analysis: intrstat | p. 230 |
Observability Infrastructure | p. 233 |
Dynamic Tracing | p. 235 |
Introduction to DTrace | p. 235 |
The Basics | p. 236 |
Inspecting Java Applications with DTrace | p. 257 |
DTrace Architecture | p. 265 |
Summary | p. 271 |
Probe Reference | p. 271 |
MDB Reference | p. 294 |
Kernel Statistics | p. 295 |
C-Level Kstat Interface | p. 295 |
Command-Line Interface | p. 307 |
Using Perl to Access kstats | p. 311 |
Snooping a Program's kstat Use with DTrace | p. 317 |
Adding Statistics to the Solaris Kernel | p. 317 |
Additional Information | p. 323 |
Debugging | p. 325 |
The Modular Debugger | p. 327 |
Introduction to the Modular Debugger | p. 327 |
MDB Concepts | p. 330 |
An MDB Tutorial | p. 335 |
Invoking MDB | p. 335 |
MDB Command Syntax | p. 336 |
Working with Debugging Targets | p. 353 |
GDB-to-MDB Reference | p. 357 |
dcmd and Walker Reference | p. 359 |
Debugging Kernels | p. 367 |
Working with Kernel Cores | p. 367 |
Examining User Process Stacks within a Kernel Image | p. 382 |
Switching MDB to Debug a Specific Process | p. 385 |
kmdb, the Kernel Modular Debugger | p. 388 |
Kernel Built-In MDB dcmds | p. 395 |
Appendices | |
Tunables and Settings | p. 401 |
DTrace One-Liners | p. 407 |
Java DTrace Scripts | p. 409 |
Sample Perl Kstat Utilities | p. 413 |
Bibliography | p. 429 |
Index | p. 433 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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The definitive companion volume to Solaris Internals: Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris Kernel Architecture.
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