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List of Tables xiii
List of Figures xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Preface xix
A note to the student on punctuation xx
Unit 1 The Study of English
The Nature of Language and Linguistics
The Nature of Human Language 3 (4)
Fundamental Beliefs about Language 3 (1)
Linguistic Signs 4 (2)
The Rule-Governed Nature of Language 6 (1)
Language Universals, Innateness, and 6 (1)
Creativity
Animal Communication Codes 7 (1)
The Nature of Grammar 7 (3)
Definition of Grammar 8 (1)
Fallacies concerning Grammar 8 (2)
Linguistics and the Components of Language 10 (1)
Organization of the Book 11 (7)
Unit 2 The Speech Sounds of English
English Consonants and Vowels
The Spoken versus the written Form of 18 (2)
Language
English Spelling 18 (1)
The Advantages of Speech and Writing 19 (1)
The Production of Speech Sounds 20 (3)
Consonant Sounds 23 (11)
Classification of Consonants 23 (2)
Consonants of English and their Phonetic 25 (9)
Notation
Vowel Sounds 34 (8)
Classification of Vowels 34 (2)
Vowels of English and their Phonetic 36 (6)
Notation
Consonant versus Vowel 42 (5)
English Phonology, Phonotactics, and
Suprasegmentals
Phonemes 47 (2)
Phonemic Rules 49 (2)
Phonological Processes 51 (3)
Phonotactics 54 (3)
Suprasegmental Features 57 (8)
Stress 57 (5)
Intonation 62 (3)
Syllable Structure 65 (8)
Unit 3 The Structure and Meaning of English
Words
The Internal Structure of Words and Processes
of Word Formation in English
Defining the Word 73 (2)
Morphemes 75 (10)
Morpheme versus Morph 75 (4)
Morphemic Analysis versus Morphological 79 (3)
Analysis
Allomorphs and Morphemic Rules 82 (3)
Processes of Word Formation 85 (15)
Derivation 86 (5)
Reduplication 91 (1)
Conversion or Functional Shift 91 (2)
Compounds 93 (4)
Blends 97 (1)
Back Formations 97 (1)
Shortening 98 (2)
Root Creations 100 (1)
Idioms 100 (3)
Grammatical Categories and Word Classes
Grammatical Categories 103 (15)
Number 104 (1)
Gender 105 (1)
Person 106 (1)
Case 107 (2)
Degree 109 (1)
Definiteness 110 (1)
Deixis 111 (1)
Tense 111 (2)
Aspect 113 (2)
Mood 115 (2)
Voice 117 (1)
Determining Word Classes 118 (11)
Inflectional and Distributional Tests 119 (1)
Tests Applied to Various Word Classes 120 (4)
Recategorization 124 (5)
Lexical Semantics
Traditional Semantics 129 (2)
Basic Semantic Relationships 131 (3)
Structural Semantics 134 (4)
Semantic Features 138 (13)
Feature Analysis of Nouns 139 (4)
Feature Analysis of Verbal Predicates 143 (4)
Feature Analysis of Modals 147 (3)
Strengths and Weaknesses of Semantic 150 (1)
Features
Prototypes 151 (2)
Semantic Anomaly 153 (10)
Selectional Restrictions 153 (1)
Figurative Language 153 (10)
Unit 4 The Structure of English Sentences
Phrasal Structure and Verb Complementation
Introduction to Phrase Structure Grammar 163 (2)
The Form of Phrase Structure Rules 165 (2)
Constituents 167 (1)
A Phrase Structure Grammar of English 168 (18)
Subject and Predicate 168 (1)
Noun Phrase 169 (3)
Adjective Phrase 172 (3)
Adverb Phrase 175 (1)
Prepositional Phrase 176 (3)
Conjunction 179 (2)
Verb Phrase 181 (5)
Review of Phrase Structure Rules 186 (5)
Adverbials, Auxiliaries, and Sentence Types
Adverbials 191 (3)
Adjunct Adverbials 191 (2)
Disjunct Adverbials 193 (1)
Conjunct Adverbials 194 (1)
Functions of Postverbal Prepositional 194 (4)
Phrases
Auxiliary 198 (3)
Passive Sentences 201 (2)
Verb Subcategorization and the Passive 202 (1)
Yes/No Questions and Negative Sentences 203 (5)
Yes/No Questions 204 (1)
Negative Statements and Questions 205 (1)
Do-Support 205 (2)
Tag Questions 207 (1)
Imperatives 208 (3)
Review of Phrase Structure Rules 211 (4)
Finite and Nonfinite Clauses
Finite Clauses 215 (23)
That-Clauses 216 (5)
Adverbial Clauses 221 (3)
Wh-Clauses 224 (14)
Nonfinite Clauses 238 (18)
Forms of Nonfinite Clauses 239 (2)
Omissions from Nonfinite Clauses 241 (1)
Complementizers in Nonfinite Clauses 241 (3)
Functions of Nonfinite Clauses 244 (7)
Nonfinite Clauses as Complements of V 251 (5)
Review of Complex Sentences 256 (8)
Unit 5 The Meaning of English Sentences and
their Communicative Functions
Sentence Semantics
Propositions 264 (2)
Thematic Roles 266 (10)
The Expression of Thematic Roles in 268 (3)
English
Dual Thematic Roles 271 (3)
Thematic Grids 274 (2)
Predications 276 (14)
Descriptive Predicates 276 (6)
Cognitive Predicates 282 (1)
Locative and Possessive Predicates 283 (7)
Information Structuring and Speech Acts
Pragmatics and Syntax 290 (11)
Basic Distinctions 290 (3)
Syntactic Options and Pragmatic 293 (7)
Considerations
Information Structuring in a Passage 300 (1)
Speech Act Theory 301 (11)
Components of Speech Acts 302 (1)
Taxonomy of Speech Acts 303 (2)
Appropriateness Conditions on Speech Acts 305 (2)
Indirect Speech Acts 307 (5)
The Cooperative Principle and 312 (5)
Conversational Implicature
References 317 (6)
Appendices 323 (4)
Subject Index 327

"The Structure of Modern English" is an extensive introduction to all aspects of Modern English structure, including: Phonology Morphology Lexical and sentence semantics Syntax PragmaticsThis text is for advanced undergraduate (and graduate) students interested in contemporary English, especially those whose primary area of interest is English as a second language, primary or secondary-school education, English stylistics, theoretical and applied linguistics, or speech pathology. Focus is exclusively on English data, providing an empirical explication of the structure of the language, rather than exploring theoretical questions ortheory for theory s sake. The text does use linguistic theory but presupposes little or no background in linguistics or any particular linguistic predilection.The textbook begins with units on English phonology and morphology, including a full discussion of the grammatical categories of English. A section on lexical semantics follows which examines structural semantics, modal auxiliaries, lexical aspect and related topics. The next section analyzes in detail English syntax from a broadly generative perspective. Then there is an examination of the interaction of syntax and semantics with respect to thematic roles and event structure. A final section covers the study of information structuring, speech act theory, and conversational maxims.Accompanying the text is a pedagogically useful CD-ROM that is a complete workbook with numerous self-testing exercises. Additionally, the CD presents suggestions for pedagogical applications of the material in the textbook in a teachers section.