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KOREA, CHINA and the WORLD

Throughout the year 2022, The Korea Herald had the valuable opportunity of collaborating with Professor Hwang Jaeho by publishing his interviews with dis\-tinguished experts across the globe discussing current events and their implications for foreign relations. … The yearlong project of Hwang’s China and the World was by no means an easy task, but was definitely an un\-dertaking that we desperately needed and will continue to need.

I. Korea’s Diplomacy and Security

Looking on New Northern Policy, from the origin (Dec 13, 2021)
- Kim Chongwhi (Former Senior Presidential Secretary for Foreign and Security Affairs under Roh Taewoo government)

Korea’s future diplomacy - ‘pragmatic’ or ‘strenuous’? (Jan 3, 2022)
- Sohn Yul (Professor, Graduate School of International Studies at Yonsei University)
- Chun Chaesung (Professor, Department of International Relations at Seoul National University)
- Seo Jungkun (Professor, Department of Political Science at Kyung Hee University)

Tough diplomatic security environment waiting to greet the next administration (Dec 27, 2021)
- Kim Kijung (President, Institute for National Security Strategy)
Korea’s foreign policy, time to keep eyes on new economy and new security (Feb 16, 2022)
- Cho Kyunghwan (Member, The Presidential Commission on Policy and Planning)
- Kim Younkyu (Professor, Division of International Studies at Hanyang University)
- Kim Sangbae (Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations at Seoul National University)

Toward the Korea-Japan relations of vision and coexistence (Apr 20, 2022)
- Lee Wondeog (Professor, Department of Japanese Studies at Kookmin University)
- Jo Yanghyeon (Professor, Korea National Diplomatic Academy)
- Nam Kijeong (Professor, Institute for Japanese Studies at Seoul National University)
Yoon displayed bold, decisive diplomacy at NATO summit (Jul 7, 2022)
- Song Whasup (Senior Research Fellow, Korea Institute for Defense Analysis)
- Hiroyasu Akutsu (Professor, International Politics and Security Studies at Heisei International University)

We need public diplomacy that fully contains the scent of Korea (Mar 2, 2022)
- Han Dongman (Executive Advisor, Pyeongtaek International Exchange Foundation)
- Kim Daesik (Deputy Secretary General, Governors Association of Korea)
- Lee Jongkook (Executive Vice-President, The Korea Foundation)
What comes after BTS? (Sept 1, 2022)
- Cho Sungeun (Professor, Department of English for International Conferences and Communication at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)
- Deepa Prakash (Associate Professor, Political Science at DePauw University in Indiana)
- Noel Sajid Murad (Assistant Professor, Department of Marketing and Advertising in De La Salle University in Manila)
The Korean entertainment industry’s public diplomacy competitiveness (Oct 5, 2022)
- Kim Sooyeon (Professor, Department of English Literature and Culture at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)
- Nan Zhang (Associate Professor, English Language and Literature Department at Fudan University)
- Kim Yunhee (Research Professor, Hallym University of Graduate Studies)
Korea’s Relations with North Korea
Dealing with North Korea in 2022, not very optimistic (Dec 20, 2021)
- Koh Yuhwan (President, Korea Institute for National Unification)
The End of Appeasing North Korea, Time to deal with its Fundamental Interest (Jul 4, 2022)
- Jun Bonggeun (Professor, Korean National Diplomatic Academy)
- Cho Hanbum (Senior Research Fellow, Korea Institute for National Unification)
Scoping out forced repatriation of North Korean fishermen from various angles (Aug 4, 2022)
- Ko Gyoungbin (Former Chairman, North Korean Refugee Foundation)
- Yoon Yeosang (President, Database Center for North Korean Human Rights)

II. China’s Diplomacy and Security

How China views the international and regional order (Nov 3, 2022)
- Zhang Tuosheng (Senior Research Fellow, China Foundation for International and Strategic Studies)
Halifax International Security Forum, glimpse of United States’ determination for leadership (Nov 25, 2022)
- Hwang Jaeho (Professor, Division of International Studies at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

Strategic Puzzles left after Biden’s Asia Tour (Jun 2, 2022)
- Choe Wongi (Professor and Head of Center for ASEAN-India Studies, Korea National Diplomatic Academy)
- Wang Junsheng (Professor, National Institute of International Strategy at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
US and China Neck to Neck in a New Cold War Long Race (Jan 10, 2022)
- Shi Yinhong (Director, Center on American Studies at Renmin University of China)
Seeking a crack for cooperation amid the tension between the US and China (Jul 3, 2022)
- Choi Wooseon (Professor, Korea National Diplomatic Academy)
- Yu Tiejun (Professor, School of International Studies at Peking University)

China will not side with Moscow to engage new Cold War (May 18, 2022)
- Zhu Feng (Director, Institute of International Relations at Nanjing University)
What China learned from the Russia-Ukraine War (Jun 15, 2022)
- You Ji (Professor, Department of Government and Public Administration at the University of Macao)
Japan’s China Policy, between firmness and flexibility (Jul 4, 2022)
- Zhang Yong (Research Fellow, Institute of Japanese Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
- Mie Oba (Professor, Faculty of Law at Kanagawa University)
- Madoka Fukuda (Professor, Department of Global Politics at Hosei University)

Chinese thoughts on Belt and Road Initiative, its shine and shade (Jan 30, 2022)
- Qian Feng (Director, Research Department at the National Strategy Institute at Tsinghua University)
- Huang Yunsong (Associate Dean, School of International Studies at Sichuan University)
- Lin Minwang (Professor and Assistant Dean, Institute of International Studies at Fudan University)

Is a new monetary world emerging? (Mar 16, 2022)
- Benjamin J. Cohen (Professor Emeritus, Department of Political Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara)
- Chey Hyoungkyu (Associate Professor, International Political Economy at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies in Tokyo)

What makes China so committed to winning the international technical standards battle? (Aug 13, 2022)
- Lee Heejin (Professor, Graduate School of International Studies at Yonsei University)
- Ping Gao (Senior Lecturer, Global Development Institute at University of Manchester)

The death of Roh Taewoo, who was president from 1988 to 1993, in October put a spotlight on his historical achievements. His foreign policies, such as hosting the Seoul Olympics, joining the UN, and promoting the Northern Policy, are seen as major diplomatic moments in modern Korean history. Behind the scenes of it all was the Presidential Secretary Kim Chongwhi. Kim served as the senior presidential secretary for foreign and security affairs in the Blue House at the time and has since served as a professor at National Defense University, the president of the Korean Association of International Studies, deputy representative at the Inter-Korean High-Level Talks, and a distinguished visiting fellow at the Heritage Foundation in the US. At the end of November, I met Kim, who now works as a “diplomatic strategist” at a cafe in downtown Seoul.

Hwang
You stood by President Roh for five years as his foreign affairs and security adviser. I would like to start with how you evaluate the Roh administration’s achievements in diplomacy and security.

Kim
First of all, the operating system in the Roh administration was very comprehensive and properly integrated. At that time, Korea already had a National Security Council similar to what the US has, but it was more likely to function as a separate organization. It was the 6th Republic when the current form of Blue House presidential secretary for foreign and security affairs was established.
Secondly, our position was quite firm: To take the lead when it comes to the inter-Korean or unification issues. I believe this stance eventually led us to achieve the Basic Agreement and regain peacetime operational control, which was another achievement we made at that time.
Third, our stance was to implement the preemptive foreign and security policies. In that sense, the Roh administration could initiate the inter-Korea talks, Northern Policies, and Yongsan Garrison. Last but not least, the president himself led the diplomacy and security aspects from a long-term perspective with a larger flow, since the frequent changes and short term of office at minister level certainly had limitations.