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Acknowledgments xi
Preface to the Third Edition xiii
PART ONE THE COUNSELING PROFESSION
Professional Counseling
Professional Counseling: A Point of View 3 (28)
Specialities in Counseling 6 (6)
Differences Between Professional Counselors 12 (5)
and Other Mental Health Specialists
Assumptions for Professional Counselors 17 (7)
The Professional Counselor as a 24 (2)
Practitioner-Scientist
Summary 26 (5)
PART TWO CORE KNOWLEDGE AREAS FOR THE
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE OF COUNSELING
Human Growth and Development
Life Span Development 31 (20)
Nature Versus Nurture 31 (2)
The Psychoanalytic Perspective of 33 (4)
Development
Social Learning Theory 37 (1)
Cognitive-Developmental Theory 38 (4)
Early Growth and Development 42 (1)
The Preschool Years 43 (2)
Development in Middle Childhood 45 (1)
Adolescence 45 (3)
Adulthood and Older Adults 48 (2)
Summary 50 (1)
Social and Cultural Foundations
Multicultural and Diverse Populations: Social 51 (12)
and Cultural Issues Concerning Counselors
Cultural Diversity and the Counselor 51 (1)
Demographic Changes 52 (2)
Understanding Diversity 54 (1)
Characteristics Across Cultures 55 (4)
Biases Among Counseling Theories 59 (1)
Barriers to Effective Multicultural 60 (1)
Counseling
Appreciating Differences and Similarities 60 (2)
Ethical Issues 62 (1)
Summary 62 (1)
Helping Relationships
Helping Skills 63 (9)
Therapeutic Constructs 65 (1)
Helping Skills Methods 66 (6)
Counseling Theory and Practice 72 (21)
Individual and Group Counseling 72 (2)
Theoretical Models 74 (18)
Summary 92 (1)
Consultation 93 (16)
The Consultant's Role 94 (2)
Consultation Versus Counseling 96 (2)
Models of Consultation 98 (6)
An Example of Individual Consultation 104 (3)
Counselors as Consultees 107 (1)
Summary 108 (1)
Group Counseling
Group Counseling: Working with Groups 109 (15)
Communication within Group Counseling 111 (1)
Group Process 112 (5)
Planning for Groups 117 (1)
Group Models 118 (5)
Ethical and Legal Issues 123 (1)
Summary 123 (1)
Career Development
Career Development and Counseling 124 (31)
Theories of Career Development and 128 (21)
Counseling
Career Guidance, Education, and Counseling 149 (5)
Summary 154 (1)
Assessment and Appraisal
Assessment and Measurement 155 (18)
Traditional Assessment in Counseling 157 (10)
Assessment within Empirical Counseling 167 (5)
Summary 172 (1)
Research
Research in Professional Counseling 173 (47)
Qualitative Research 176 (2)
Quantitative Research 178 (3)
Experimental Research Designs 181 (9)
Legal Aspects of Research 190 (2)
Ethical Aspects of Research 192 (1)
Computers and Research 193 (1)
Variables 194 (1)
Selecting Subjects 195 (3)
Research Questions and Hypotheses 198 (3)
Basic Statistics 201 (2)
Statistical Analyses 203 (10)
Needs Assessment and Program Evaluation 213 (4)
A Concluding Opinion 217 (3)
Professional Orientation
Evolution of the Counseling Profession 220 (20)
Summary 239 (1)
Legal Concerns in Counseling 240 (25)
Legal Concerns for Counselors 241 (7)
Criminal and Civil Liability 248 (7)
Legal Concerns for Clients 255 (8)
Legal Resources for Counselors 263 (1)
Summary 264 (1)
Ethical Concerns in Counseling 265 (25)
The Need for Ethical Standards 265 (2)
Professional Preparation for Ethical 267 (1)
Practice
Overview of the 1995 ACA Ethical Standards 268 (3)
The NBCC Code of Ethics 271 (18)
Summary 289 (1)
Professionalism in Counseling 290 (20)
Professional Organizations for Counselors 291 (4)
Professional Credentials for Counselors 295 (9)
Developments in Counselor Credentialing 304 (1)
Counselors' Professional Development 304 (4)
Professional Contributions by Counselors 308 (1)
Summary 309 (1)
Professional Preparation of Counselors 310 (24)
Issues in Counselor Preparation 310 (12)
Standards of Preparation 322 (11)
Accreditation by Other Agencies 333 (1)
Summary 333 (1)
Trends in Professional Counseling 334 (24)
Trends in Settings Where Professional 334 (12)
Counselors Work
Trends in Clientele with Whom Counselors 346 (11)
Work
Conclusion 357 (1)
References 358 (15)
About the Authors 373 (2)
Index 375