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List of tables
List of figures
Preface to the first edition
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the third edition
Preface to the fourth edition
The International Phonetic Alphabet

1. Introduction
1.1 Phonetics and phonology
1.2 The generative enterprise
Further reading

2. Introduction to articulatory phonetics
2.1 Overview
2.2 Speech sound classification
2.3 Suprasegmental structure
2.4 Consonants versus vowels
Further reading
Exercises

3. Consonants
3.1 Stops
3.2 Affricates
3.3 Fricatives
3.4 Nasals
3.5 Liquids
3.6 Glides
3.7 An inventory of English consonants
Further reading
Exercises

4. Vowels
4.1 Vowel classification
4.2 The vowel space and Cardinal Vowels
4.3 Further classifications
4.4 The vowels of English
4.5 Some vowel systems of English
Further reading
Exercises

5. Acoustic phonetics
5.1 Fundamentals
5.2 Speech sounds
5.3 Cross linguistic values
Further reading
Exercises

6. Above the segment
6.1 The syllable
6.2 Stress
6.3 Tone and intonation
Further reading
Exercises

7. Features
7.1 Segmental composition
7.2 Phonetic versus phonological features
7.3 Charting the features
7.4 Conclusion
Further reading
Exercises

8. Phonemic analysis
8.1 Sounds that are the same but different
8.2 Finding phonemes and allophones
8.3 Linking levels: rules
8.4 Choosing the underlying form
8.5 Summary
Further reading
Exercises

9. Phonological alternations, processes and rules
9.1 Alternations versus processes versus rules
9.2 Alternation types
9.3 Representing phonological generalisations: rules and constraints
9.4 Overview of phonological operations
9.5 Summary
Further reading
Exercises

10. Phonological structure
10.1 The need for richer phonological representation
10.2 Segment internal structure: feature geometry, underspecification and unary features
10.3 Autosegmental phonology
10.4 Suprasegmental structure
10.5 Conclusion
Further reading
Exercises

11. Derivational analysis
11.1 The aims of analysis
11.2 A derivational analysis of English noun plural formation
11.3 Extrinsic versus intrinsic rule ordering
11.4 Evaluating competing analyses: evidence, economy and plausibility
11.5 Conclusion
Further reading
Exercises

12. Constraint-based analysis
12.1 Introduction to Optimality Theory
12.2 The aims of analysis
12.3 Modelling phonological processes in OT
12.4 English noun plural formation: an OT account
12.5 Competing analyses
12.6 Conclusion
Further reading
Exercises

13. Constraining the model
13.1 Constraining derivational phonology: abstractness
13.2 Constraining the power of the phonological component
13.3 Constraining the power of OT
13.4 Conclusion
Further reading

Glossary
References
Subject index
Varieties of English index
Languages index
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