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『러시아는 어떤 나라인가』는 러시아의 지리적 환경과 역사의 흐름, 러시아인과 연방의 구성, 현대 러시아의 정치 외교, 정교회, 모스크바의 문물, 러시아 사상의 본류, 러시아의 대문호, 극장과 연극, 음악과 발레, 미술과 전시관, 페테르부르크와 문화에 대한 내용을 수록하고 있다.

I. 러시아의 지리적 환경······················································ 9
1. 자연지리········································································· 11
지형의 일반적 특징 11 / 기후와 식생대 15 /
2. 지역구분과 산업······························································19
유럽-러시아 19 / 서시베리아 21 / 동시베리아 22 /
극동지방 23 /

II. 러시아 역사의 흐름························································27
1. 키예프 루시·····································································29
슬라브인 이전과 루시의 성립기 29 / 전성기과 쇠퇴기 31 /
2. 모스크바 러시아······························································33
모스크바 공국의 발달 33 / 모스크바 왕국과 동란시대 35 /
3. 제정 러시아·····································································38
서구화 개혁정책 38 / 19세기 러시아 41 /
4. 소비에트 러시아······························································45
혁명과 신생정부의 발달 45 / 소련의 정체기와 해체 48 /

III. 러시아인과 연방의 구성···············································53
1. 러시아인·········································································55
슬라브족과 러시아인의 구성 55 / 러시아인의 특징 57 /
2. 러시아 연방의 구성··························································64
연방 주체 64 / 연방의 정치제도 68 /

IV. 현대 러시아의 정치 외교············································77
1. 옐친과 푸틴 전기······························································79
옐친의 집권 시기 79 / 푸틴 시대 전기 82 /
2. 메드베데프와 푸틴 후기····················································85
메드베데프 시대 85 / 푸틴의 재집권 87 /
3. 러시아의 외교··································································90
외교정책 노선 90 / 지역별 외교정책 94 /

V. 러시아 정교회······························································ 101
1. 기독교 수용··································································· 103
수용의 배경 103 / 세례 과정 105 /
2. 러시아 정교의 특성························································ 109
비잔틴과의 관계 109 / 러시아적 특징 112 /
3. 정교회의 발전과정··························································117
초기 교회 117 / 표트르 대제의 교회개혁 120 /
19세기 러시아의 교회 124 /

VI. 모스크바와 문물························································· 127
1. 모스크바 국가의 성장······················································ 129
모스크바의 성장배경 129 / 모스크바의 정치-사회문화 132 /
2. 모스크바의 문물···························································· 138
크레믈리와 역사적 유산 138 / 붉은 광장 144 /
모스크바 시가지 148 /

VII. 러시아 사상의 본류··················································· 151
1. 아버지세대 지식인·························································· 153
선구적 지식인 153 / 슬라브주의자 157 / 서구주의자 160 /
2. 아들세대 지식인····························································· 165
라즈노친치와 니힐리즘 165 / 니힐리스트의 전형 168 /
인민주의자 173 /

VIII. 러시아의 대문호························································ 177
1. 낭만주의와 사실주의······················································· 179
낭만주의 179 / 사실주의 182 /
2. 러시아의 대문호····························································· 185
푸시킨 185 / 도스토옙스키 189 / 톨스토이 194 /

IX. 러시아 극장과 연극···················································· 199
1. 극장의 발달··································································· 201
전통적 극장 201 / 극장의 변모 203 /
2. 연극의 발전··································································· 207
19세기 전반 207 / 연극의 신시대 210 / 오늘날 연극 212 /
3. 유명 극작가·································································· 215
고골 215 / 체호프 219 /

X. 러시아 음악과 발레····················································· 223
1. 음악의 발달··································································· 225
19세기 전반 225 / 음악의 개화기 228 /
은세기와 현대 음악 233 /
2. 러시아의 발레································································ 238
발레의 발달 238 / 유명 작품 소개 241 /

XI. 러시아 미술과 전시관················································ 245
1. 19세기 전반의 미술세계··················································· 247
조형미술의 다양화 247 / 초상화와 풍속화 249 /
2. 19세기 후반의 미술························································· 253
미술의 전환기 253 / 미술계의 거장 256 /
3. 은세기와 미술관···························································· 263
은세기의 미술 263 / 미술 전시관 266/

XII. 페테르부르크와 문화················································· 271
1. 표트르와 페테르부르크···················································· 273
대사절단 파견 273 / ‘서구로의 창’ 건설 276 /
2. 서구문화의 러시아화······················································ 283
러시아 생활문화의 변화 283 / 세속문화의 발전 288 /