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『베트남 사회와 문화 들여다보기』은 국내 베트남학의 한 부분을 구축하는 차원에서 저자가 대학에서 수년간 강의했던 베트남 사회와 문화과목의 내용을 중심으로 집필되었다. 사회와 문화는 오랜 시간 속에서 형성되고 변화는 인간의 흔적이기 때문에 한 시대를 떼어서 다룰 수 없다. 따라서 한 나라의 사회와 문화를 알기 위해서는 근본에서부터 변화 과정에 이르기까지를 살펴보아야 한다. 그런 차원에서 이 책은 베트남 사회와 문화의 전반을 충분히 담아냈다고 할 수 있다.

이 책은 국내 베트남학의 한 부분을 구축하는 차원에서 저자가 대학에서 수년간 강의했던 베트남 사회와 문화과목의 내용을 중심으로 집필되었다. 사회와 문화는 오랜 시간 속에서 형성되고 변화는 인간의 흔적이기 때문에 한 시대를 떼어서 다룰 수 없다. 따라서 한 나라의 사회와 문화를 알기 위해서는 근본에서부터 변화 과정에 이르기까지를 살펴보아야 한다. 그런 차원에서 이 책은 베트남 사회와 문화의 전반을 충분히 담아냈다고 할 수 있다.
이 책은 크게 4장으로 구성되었다. 제 1장은 베트남 사회와 문화의 형성조건을 다루었다. 사회와 문화를 형성하는 조건은 다양하다. 이 장에서 다루는 베트남 사회와 문화라는 것도 다양한 조건에 의하여 형성되었다. 여기에서는 베트남의 사회와 문화를 형성하는데 중추적인 역할을 했던 요인들을 자연, 민족, 역사와 사회들을 중심으로 다루었다.
제 2장은 베트남 사회를 다루었다. 사회는 일정한 시간과 공간에서 2인 이상의 사람들이 모여 사는 집단을 말한다. 이 집단은 서로 협력하여 공동생활을 하는 인류의 집단 혹은 세상 혹은 어느 특정한 발전단계를 이룬 집단을 의미한다. 이 장에서는 베트남의 가족사회, 농촌사회, 도시사회 등 3가지를 다루었다.
제 3장은 베트남 문화를 다루었다. 문화는 집단을 이룬 인간 사회가 자연 상태에서 벗어나 일정한 목적 또는 생활 이상을 실현하려는 활동의 과정 및 그 과정에서 이룩해 낸 물질적ㆍ정신적 소산의 총칭, 특히 학문ㆍ예술ㆍ종교ㆍ도덕 등의 정신적 소산을 가리킨다. 이 장은 선사시대, 고대국가시대, 독립왕조시대, 프랑스 식민지시대, 베트남 전쟁시대 등 문화사 형태로 구분하여 다루었다.
제 4장은 베트남 신앙과 풍속을 다루었다. 여기에서는 제 3장 문화에서 다루지 못한 베트남 신앙과 풍속을 분리하여 심층적으로 다루었다.

서언············································································································· 7
1장 베트남 사회와 문화의 형성 조건 ······························································ 11
제1절 자연
I. 지리············································································································ 13
II. 지형··········································································································· 14
III. 기후·········································································································· 16

제2절 민족
I. 민족기원······································································································ 18
II. 민족 특징···································································································· 20

제3절 역사와 사회
I. 역사 ············································································································ 22
II. 사회············································································································· 24

2장 베트남 사회······························································································· 29
제1절 가족
I. 혼인·············································································································· 31
II. 출산············································································································· 59
III. 입양············································································································ 65
IV. 가족구조······································································································ 67

제2절농촌
I. 마을의 일반 특징··························································································· 69
II. 마을 형성 단위 ···························································································· 93
III. 마을민 ······································································································· 100
IV. 마을 조직 ·································································································· 101
V. 마을민의 생활 ····························································································· 127

제3절 도시
I. 도시의 일반 특징 ·························································································· 131
II. 도시 유형 ···································································································· 142
III. 특별 유형 도시 ···························································································· 146

3장 베트남 문화 ································································································ 159
제1절 선사시대 베트남 문화
I. 구석기시대 베트남 문화 ··················································································· 161
II. 신석기시대 베트남 문화 ·················································································· 163
제2절 고대국가시대 베트남 문화
I. 반랑·어우 락국시대 베트남 문화 ········································································· 171
II. 싸휭지역 문화 ··································································································· 179
III. 동 나이 지역 문화 ···························································································· 188
IV. 옥 애오 지역 문화 ··························································································· 193
V. 중국 식민지시대 베트남 문화 ············································································· 201
VI. 점성 문화 ········································································································· 221
VII. 부남 문화 ······································································································· 233

제3절 독립왕조시대 베트남 문화
I. 응오·딩·전레왕조시대 베트남 문화 ········································································· 242
II. 리·쩐왕조시대 베트남 문화 ·················································································· 246
III. 호왕조와 명 식민지시대 베트남 문화 ··································································· 260
IV. 펏테왕조시대 점성문화 ······················································································ 263
V. 후레왕조시대 베트남 문화 ·················································································· 278
VI. 남북조시대 베트남 문화 ···················································································· 290
VII. 후레왕조 남북분열시대 베트남 문화 ··································································· 296
VIII. 떠이 썬왕조시대 베트남 문화 ··········································································· 312
IX. 응우옌왕조시대 베트남 문화 ············································································ 315

제4절 프랑스 식민지시대 베트남 문화
I. 프랑스 지배시대 베트남 문화 ·············································································· 326
II. 프랑스 재지배시대 베트남 문화 ··········································································· 352

제5절 베트남 전쟁시대 베트남 문화
I. 베트남 전쟁 ······································································································· 362
II. 교육과 문화정책 ································································································ 364
III. 예술················································································································· 366

4장 베트남 신앙과 풍속
제1절 베트남 신앙
I. 베트남 신앙 개괄································································································· 375
II. 번식신앙 ··········································································································· 379
III. 자연 숭배 신앙 ································································································· 384
IV. 인간 숭배 신앙 ································································································ 389

제2절 베트남 풍속 습관
I. 음양관 ··············································································································· 405
II. 인간관계 ·········································································································· 412
III. 의식주 ············································································································ 416
IV. 장례 ··············································································································· 431
V. 제례··············································································································· 436
VI. 명절 ············································································································· 443
VII. 례회 ············································································································ 448
VIII. 성명 ··········································································································· 452
IX. 호칭 ············································································································· 472

부록 ··················································································································· 483
베트남 역대 왕조 세보··························································································· 485
참고문헌 ············································································································· 489
사진 copyright ··································································································· 493
찾아보기 ············································································································· 502

머리말

대학에서 베트남학을 연구하고 강의한지가 언 20년이 되었다. 그동안 교육자와 피교육자에게 절실한 기본서마저 부족하여 때로는 전공의 영역을 일탈한 연구도 적잖게 했다. 그래도 필자와 국내의 선학들이 남긴 편린들을 모아보면 국내 베트남학의 그림이 보이는 듯하여 자위를 느낀다.
이번에 출간되는 『베트남 사회와 문화 들여다보기』도 국내 베트남학의 한 부분을 채우는 차원에서 저술되었다. 본서는 필자가 학과에서 수년간 베트남의 사회와 문화과목을 강의하면서 사용했던 강의 내용을 중심으로 집필되었다.
본서는 베트남학의 기본서가 된다. 사회와 문화는 오랜 시간 속에서 형성되고 변화는 인간의 흔적이기 때문에 한 시대를 떼어서 다룰 수 없다. 따라서 한 나라의 사회와 문화를 알기 위해서는 근본에서부터 변화 과정에 이르기까지를 살펴보아야 한다. 본서는 크게 4장으로 구성되었다. 제1장은 베트남 사회와 문화의 형성조건을 다루었다. 사회와 문화를 형성하는 조건은 다양하다. 본장에서 다루는 베트남 사회와 문화라는 것도 다양한 조건에 의하여 형성되었다. 여기에서는 베트남의 사회와 문화를 형성하는 데 중추적인 역할을 했던 요인들을 자연, 민족, 역사와 사회들을 중심으로 다루었다. 제2장은 베트남 사회를 다루었다. 사회는 일정한 시간과 공간에서 2인 이상의 사람들이 모여 사는 집단을 말한다. 이 집단은 서로 협력하여 공동생활을 하는 인류의 집단 혹은 세상 혹은 어느 특정한 발전단계를 이룬 집단을 의미한다. 본장에서는 베트남의 가족사회, 농촌사회, 도시사회 등 3가지를 다루었다.
제3장은 베트남 문화를 다루었다. 문화는 집단을 이룬 인간 사회가 자연 상태에서 벗어나 일정한 목적 또는 생활 이상을 실현하려는 활동의 과정 및 그 과정에서 이룩해 낸 물질적·정신적 소득의 총칭, 특히 학문·예술·종교·도덕 등의 정신적 소득을 가리킨다. 본장은 선사시대, 고대국가시대, 독립왕조시대, 프랑스 식민지시대, 베트남 전쟁시대 등 문화사 형태로 구분하여 다루었다.
제4장은 베트남 신앙과 풍속을 다루었다. 여기에서는 제3장 문화에서 다루지 못한 베트남 신앙과 풍속을 분리하여 심층적으로 다루었다. 본서는 처음 나오는 인명이나 지명을 우리말로 표기하고 괄호안의 현지어로 표기하는 한편, 일부는 한자까지 표기하였다. 이것들에 대한 우리말 표기는 국립 국어원의 외래어 표기법을 최대한 수용하는 한편 베트남 북부발음에 맞추었다.
본서를 집필함에 있어서 필자 개인의 견해 외에도 국내외의 선학제현들의 탁월하고 다양한 연구 업적을 섭렵·종합하여 반영하는 데 많은 노력을 쏟았다. 이외에도 다양한 참고문헌을 주 없이 인용하였는바, 이에 깊은 사의를 표하고 양해를 구하는 바이다.
본서를 냄에 있어서 도움을 주신 분들에게 고마움을 표한다. 호찌밍시 사범대 브이 마잉 훙 교수가 자료 수집 등에 많은 수고를 아끼지 않았다.
한국외대 베트남어과 학생들은 원고 수정에 많은 도움을 주었다. 한편, 이 책의 출판을 기꺼이 허락해 주신 한국외대 지식출판원에도 고마움을 표한다.
기존의 내용들을 수정·보완하고 새로운 연구 성과를 반영시켰다 하더라도 필자의 학문적 역량의 부족으로 미흡한 부분이 많은 바, 독자들의 비평과 충고를 수렴하여 차후에 보완할 예정이다.
2016년 여름
송정남