¾Æ¸£ºê·ò, Able Art, ±×¸®°í Çѱ¹ ¼±È
¿ì¸®´Â ¼Ò¼öÀÚ¶ó´Â ÀÇ¹Ì ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò°¡ ¡°°í¸³¼º¡±À̶ó´Â Ư¼ºÀ» °¡Áø ¹Ì¼ú ±×¸®°í ±× °í¸³¼º¿¡ µû¸¥ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î °á°úÀÎ ¡°µ¶Ã¢¼º¡±À» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» °£°úÇؼ´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. Á¤½Åº´µ¿ µî¿¡¼ ¿Ü·Ó°Ô ÀڽŸ¸À» À§Çؼ, ½ÉÁö¾î ¿¹¼úÈ°µ¿À̶ó´Â ÀÎÁö³ª ³²ÀÇ °ÍÀ» ¸ð¹æÇÏ·Á´Â ÀǵµÁ¶Â÷ ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é¼ ±×¸²À» ±×¸®±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Çö´ë¹Ì¼úÀÌ Áö³ªÄ¡´Ù°í ÇÒ ¸¸Å µ¶Ã¢¼º¿¡ °ÇÏ°Ô ÁýÂøÇÏ´Â °Í°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò´Â ±¸Á¶ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ̳ª ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀÎ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ò¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÑ °á°úÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Áï ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò´Â Å»ýÀûÀ¸·Î ³ëÀÚÀÇ ¹«À§ÀÚ¿¬»ç»óó·³ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô ±× µ¶Ã¢¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ Á¤½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹Ì¼ú±³À°À» ¸ºÁö ¾ÊÀº ¡®¾Æ¸£ºê·ò¡¯ ÀÛ°¡µéÀÇ ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ ±â¼³ÀÛ°¡µéÀÇ °Íº¸´Ù ¼ø¼öÇÑ µ¶Ã¢¼º Ãø¸é¿¡¼ ¶Ù¾î³¯ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °¡¼³Àº °¡´ÉÇÑÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
One should not overlook the fact that the minority art of art brut is "isolated" in its nature, and as a result, has its "uniqueness" caused by the isolation. This is because these lonely artists draw paintings purely for themselves in mental hospitals without any reference to other works of art or the awareness that these are artistic activities. While modern works of art emphasize creativity even to the point of obsession, it is only natural that works of art brut are free from the influence of other art pieces and artificial beauty. In other words, art brut is innately creative just like the naturalistic concept of Lao-tzu. As most art brut artists are self-taught, it can be safely said that originality of the drawings of the art brut artists is more outstanding than that of other existing artists.
¾Æ¸£ºê·ò ÀÌÁ¾¿ì ÀÛ°¡ [·Îº¿]
±âÁ¸ ¹Ì¼ú¼¼°è¿Í ±¸º°µÇ´Â ¾Æ¸£ºê·òÀÇ 10´ë Ư¼ºµéÀ» Á¾ÇÕÇØ º¸¸é ¾Õ¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ °í¸³¼º(Isolated)°ú µ¶Ã¢¼º(Unique) ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¿ø½Ã¼º(Original), ÀÚÀ¯¼º(Free), º¯Çü¼º(Half- Deformed), ¼±Á¤¼º(Sensationalized), Ãʺ¸¼º(Totally Basic), Áø½Ç¼º(True), ¼ø¼ö¼º(Pure), âÀǼº(Creative) µîÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±âÁ¸ ÁÖ·ù ¹Ì¼ú°è¿¡¼ ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÀÛÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÆǴܱâÁØ°ú ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò¿¡¼ º¸´Â ÀÛÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÆǴܱâÁØÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ 10´ë Ư¼ºµé¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ±¸º°µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò ÀÛÇ°¼¼°è¿¡¼´Â ¾Æ¸£ºê·òÀû Ư¼ºÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ °¡Áø ÀÛÇ°µéÀÌ ³ôÀº Æò°¡(°æÁ¦Àû °¡Ä¡±îÁö Æ÷ÇÔ)¸¦ ¹Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò ÀÛÇ°¿¡¼ ´À³¢´Â ¹Ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸ÆíÀû ½É¹Ì¾ÈÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÁÖ·ù¹Ì¼ú ÀÛÇ°µé°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô Àû¿ëµÇ°ÚÁö¸¸ ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò¶ó´Â À帣°¡ °¡Áö´Â µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Æ¯¼ºµéÀº µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ÆǴܵǾî¾ß ÇÒ ¿µ¿ªÀ¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
The characteristics of art brut that are distinct from the existing art world can be summed up by then words" isolated, unique, original, free, half-deformed, sensationalized, totally basic, true, pure, and creative. These ten characteristics can be used as a yardstick to distinguish works of art brut from existing pieces of art. In other words, in the world of art brut, pieces of work that display more of these characteristics are valued more highly (including the economic value). In terms of viewing artistic beauty, the same standard in eval!uating existing artworks should be applied in the art pieces of art brut. However, in terms of the unique characteristics of art brut works, these paintings should be eval!uated independently from the standards of existing artworks.
ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Àå¾ÖÀÎÀÇ ¹®È¿¹¼úÀÌ °ü½ÉÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁü¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ¡®±¸Á·È°¡¡¯(Ï¢ðëûþÊ«: ÀÔÀ̳ª ¹ß·Î ±×¸²À» ±×¸®´Â ÁöüÀå¾ÖÀÎ)ÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ ÀϺ»ÀÇ Able Art(Àå¾ÖÀεµ ¹®È¿¹¼úÀÇ ÁÖü·Î¼ ÁÖ·ù»çȸ¿¡¼ È°µ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â) °°Àº ¿µ¿ªµµ ȸÀÚµÇÁö¸¸ ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò´Â À̵é°úµµ »ó´çÈ÷ ±¸º°µÈ´Ù. ÀÏ´Ü Àå¾ÖÀÎ ¿¹¼ú°¡¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ ±âÁ¸ È°¡µéÀº ŸÀÎ(¼ÒºñÀÚ)À» ÀǽÄÇÏ¸ç ±×¸²À» ±×¸®Áö¸¸, ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò ÀÛ°¡µéÀº ³²ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ÀÚ±âÀڽŸ¸À» À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¤½Å¼¼°è¸¦ ±×¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ Æ¯Â¡À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò°¡ Able Art¿Í °°Àº ÁöüÀå¾ÖÀÎÁß½ÉÀÇ Àå¾ÖÀο¹¼ö·Î°¡´Â ¼Ò¼öÀÚ ÀÛ°¡Ãâ½ÅÀ̶ó´Â Ãø¸é¿¡¼ µ¿Áú¼ºÀº ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ ¿øÃÊÀû ¼º°ÝÀº È®¿¬È÷ ´Ù¸£´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò´Â ÈçÈ÷ Á¤½Åº´µ¿¿¡¼ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì¼úÄ¡·á¿Íµµ ±¸º°µÈ´Ù. ¹Ì¼úÄ¡·á´Â ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀÌ°í ±¸Á¶ÀûÀÎ °³ÀÔÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÀû ¼º°ú¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ºñÇؼ ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò´Â ¿ÜºÎÀÚÀÇ °³ÀÔ¾øÀÌ ½º½º·Î ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© ¿¹¼úÀû °¡Ä¡¸¦ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô »ý»êÇÏ´Â ¹«°³ÀÔÀÇ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
These days, Japan's able art (meaning that disabled people can also act as main players in art and culture in the mainstream society) or art created by artists who use legs and mouth to draw paintings are often mentioned as cultural sand artistic activities of disabled people are getting more attention. However, art brut is quite different from these forms of art as well. While existing artists including disabled artists
Able Art ±è¹Ì°æ ÀÛ°¡ [ºñ¹Ð]
create their pieces to impress others, art brut artists' main focus is on themselves and the world of their mind, not on others. Although art brut is similar to able art in that the artists are the social minority group, the very nature of art brut pieces is quite different from the works of able art. Art brut is also different from art therapy used in mental hospitals. Art therapy aims to improve the effects of treatment through artificial and structural intervention. However, in art brut, artists create artistic pieces on their own, free from the intervention of others.
¾Æ¸£ºê·ò ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â Æİݼº°ú µ¶Ã¢¼ºÀÌ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¼±ÈÀÇ ´ëÇ¥Àû Ư¼º°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼±È°¡ ³»¼¼¿î ¹«½ÉÄ¡Á¹(ÙíãýöÃðð)ÇÑ °æÁöÀÇ Çʹý¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ±×¸² ±×¸®°í Áö±ØÈ÷ Æí¾ÈÇÑ µ¿½É(ÔÛãý)ÀÇ ±×¸²ÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¾Æ¸£ºê·òÀÇ ±×¸²µéÀÌ´Ù. ¾Õ¿¡¼ Á¦½ÃÇÑ ±âÁ¸ ¹Ì¼ú¼¼°è¿Í ±¸º°µÇ´Â ¾Æ¸£ºê·òÀÇ 10´ë Ư¼ºµé ¿ª½Ã Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼±ÈÀÇ ÀÛǰƯ¼ºµé°ú °ÅÀÇ ºÎÇÕÀÌ µÇ¹Ç·Î Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼±È°¡ ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò ÀÛ°¡¶ó´Â ÁÖÀåÀº ¸Å¿ì Ÿ´ç¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼±È°¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °üÁ¡¿¡¼ ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò¶ó°í Çϱ⿡´Â ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
Unconventionality and uniqueness of art brut artworks are similar to the key features of traditional Korean Zen paintings. Similar to Korean traditional Zen paintings, Art brut pieces are unconventional, unique, and innocent. The styles of Zen paintings such as inadvertent and improvised brush strokes are also similar to those of art brut works. In addition, the Zen paintings show the same ten major characteristics of art brut that I mentioned above, which are different from other existing types of art. Therefore, it seems reasonable when people say that the Zen paintings of Korea should be considered as art brut. However, it is hard to regard the traditional Korean Zen painting as art brut because of the following reasons.
Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼±ÈÀÇ ÀÛÇ°¼¼°è°¡ ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò ÀÛÇ°µé°ú ´Ù¸¥ Á¡Àº Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼±È¿¡¼´Â º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸²À» ±×¸®±â Àü¿¡ ¸ÕÀú ÀÛ°¡°¡ µµ¸¦ ±úÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼±È°¡ ±×¸²À» óÀ½ºÎÅÍ Ã¢ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í °ß¼º(̸àõ)À» ÅëÇÑ µæµµ(ÔðÔ³)¸¦ ±âº» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» °Á¶ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò ÀÛ°¡µéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç»óÀû ¹è°æÀ̳ª ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÀǽľøÀÌ ±×¸²À» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. Áï ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò ÀÛ°¡´Â ¶§¶§·Î ¹«·á°¨À¸·Î ȤÀº ´Ü¼øÇÑ Èï¹Ì·Î ±×¸²À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼±ÈÀÇ ±×¸²µé¿¡¼´Â µæµµ¸¦ ÀüÁ¦·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹ ¼±ÈÀÇ 7´ë Àý´ëÀûÀÎ Á¶°Çµé Áß¿¡¼ 6°¡Áö Àý´ëÁ¶°ÇµéÀº ¾Æ¸£ºê·òÀÇ Æ¯¼ºµé°ú °ÅÀÇ µ¿ÀÏÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹Ù·Î ±ú´ÝÀº ÀÚÀÇ ±×¸²À̾î¾ß ÇѴٴ ù ¹ø° Á¶°ÇÀ» µ¿¾çÀÇ ¼±È¿¡¼´Â ´õ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼±Èµµ ¡®¼öÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Àý´ë·Î ¼±È°¡ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¡¯°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¼¸é Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼±È¸¦ ¼¾çÀÇ Àã´ë·Î ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò ȤÀº ¾Æ¿ô»çÀÌ´õ ¾ÆÆ®¶ó°í ½±°Ô ±ÔÁ¤Çϰųª µ¡ÀÔÈ÷±â´Â »ó´çÇÑ ¹«¸®°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼±È ÀÛÇ°À» ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ±âÁØÀÇ ¾Æ¸£ºê·ò ÀÛÇ°À̶ó°í Çϱ⿡´Â ¹«¸®°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸ º¸´Ù ´õ ³ÐÀº Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¾Æ¿ô»çÀÌ´õ ¾ÆÆ®¶ó°í´Â ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÀÌ Ã¥¿¡¼ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Áß±¤½º´ÔÀÇ ¼±ÈÀÛÇ°µéÀº ÁÖ·ù¹Ì¼ú°ú ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄ°ÝÀûÀÌ°í µµÀüÀûÀÎ ¿¹¼úÀÛÇ°À» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ¾Æ¿ô»çÀÌ´õ ¾ÆÆ®¶ó´Â ¹üÁÖ¿¡ Æ÷Ç﵃ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
The Korean Zen painting is different from art brut in that the artist should be in a state of spiritual enlightenment before he can even start to draw paintings. This means that the Korean Zen drawings are based on the achievement of spiritual enlightenment, after which point they attempt to create the paintings. However, art brut
Á¤Çö½º´ÔÀÇ ¼±È
artists start drawing without any awareness or ideological beliefs. Sometimes they draw out of boredom or out of interest. On the other hand, the prerequisite for Korean Zen paintings is the attainment of spiritual awakening. While six out of seven characteristics of Korean Zen paintings are similar to those of art brut, the Zen paintings of Asia require one more thing. The artist should be in a state of Buddhist Zen. This is also true for the Korean Zen paintings. In a sense, it may be auite unreasonable to define Korea's Zen painting as outsider art or art brut by employing Western standards. However, we can still safely say that Korea's Zen paintings can be considered outsider art in a broader sense. In particular, the Zen paintings by monk JoongKwang introduced in this book can certainly be included in the category of outsider art, which represent radical and unconventional art pieces.
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Korea Art Brut
http://www.artbrut.or.kr/
http://www.ableart.net/
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