±Û¾´ÀÌ:
http://cafe.naver.com/linguisticstudy ¿î¿µÀÚ
Ã¥ ÇÑ ±Ç ¼Ò°³ÇØ ¿Ã¸±±î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Åë»ç·Ð ÀÔ¹®¼ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÌ ÁÁÀºÁö´Â Â÷Ä¡ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, Á¦°¡ »ý¼º¹®¹ýÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀûÁö ¾Ê°Ô µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ Ã¥À̶ó °ú°¨È÷(?) ¼Ò°³ÇØ µå¸³´Ï´Ù ^^ Ã¥¼úÀÌ µÎ²®Áö´Â ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, µðÀÚÀÎÀº ¿¾³¯ ³¿»õ°¡ Á» ³³´Ï´Ù. ´ëÇб³ ÃâÆǻ翩¼ ±×·± °É±î¿ä? -¤µ-¤»;;
ÀÏ´Ü ¾ÕºÎºÐ¿¡¼´Â ¹®¹ý ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ º¯Ãµ°ú ¹ß´Þ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â¼úÇÏ¸é¼ °ú°Å ÀÌ·¯ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®¹ýµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í, ±×°ÍÀÇ ÀÇÀÇ¿Í ÇѰ踦 ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀüÅë¹®¹ý, ¿ª»çºñ±³¾ð¾îÇÐ, ±¸Á¶ÁÖÀÇ ¾ð¾îÇÐ µîÀ» °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í¿ä. ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ºÐ·®Àº ¸ðµÎ »ý¼º¹®¹ý¿¡ ÇÒ¾ÖÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Åë»ç·Ð ÀÔ¹®¼ÀÌ´Ï ¸¸Å Åë»ç·Ð Áß½ÉÀ̾ú´ø ÃνºÅ°ÀÇ »ý¼º¹®¹ýÀ» »ó¼¼È÷ ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¼ö¸¹Àº ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇؼ Á¦¹ý Àß ¼³¸íÇØ ³õ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.
óÀ½ ÀÐÀ» ¶§´Â ¹«½¼ ¸»ÀÎÁöµµ ¸ð¸£°í Àоú°í, µÎ ¹ø° ÀÐÀ» ¶§´Â ¾Æ, ÀÌ·± °Å±¸³ª ÀÌÇØÇÏ¸é¼ ÀоúÀ¸³ª... µÞºÎºÐ¿¡¼ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¸¹ÀÌ Çì¸Ì½À´Ï´Ù. º¹ÀâÇÑ º¹¹®À» ¼öÇüµµ·Î ±×¸®´Â °Ô Á¶±Ý ¾î·Á¿ü°í¿ä. ±×·¯³ª ¼¼ ¹ø° ÀÐÀ» ¶§´Â, È®½ÇÈ÷ ÀÌÇØ°¡ µÇ´õ¶ó°í¿ä. ^^
¸Ó¸®¸»¿¡ º¸¸é ´ëÇпø»ý ´©±¸´©±¸°¡ ±³¿ ±³Á¤À» ºÁÁá´Ù°í Çϴµ¥, Á» ¾û¼ºÇϱä ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¤¼¹ý¿¡ ¾î±ß³ ¸»µéÀÌ Á¾Á¾ ´«¿¡ ¶ç°í¿ä. ¿µ¾îÇÐÀ» ´Ù·é Ã¥µéÀÌ ´ÙºÐÈ÷ ÀÌ·¸´õ±º¿ä. ÀÌ°Ç ¹ø¿ª¼µµ ¾Æ´Ñµ¥ ¸»ÀÌÁö¿ä. »ý¼º¹®¹ýÀ» °øºÎÇÏ½Ç ºÐµéÀº ÇÑ ¹ø º¸´Â °Íµµ ÁÁ°Ú´Ù´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ µå³×¿ä. Åë»ç·Ð ÀÔ¹®¼¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϴ åÀ̶ó ¾î·ÆÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. °¡°Ýµµ Àú·ÅÇÑ ÆíÀÌ´Ï Çѹø °øºÎÇØ º¸¼¼¿ä~*
¾Æ·¡ ¸ñÂ÷¿Í ÃâÆÇ»ç ¼ÆòÀ» ¿Å°Ü ³õ½À´Ï´Ù.
Á¦1ºÎ(Preliminaries) : ¹®¹ýÀÌ·ÐÀÇ º¯Ãµ°ú ¹ß´Þ / 13
Á¦1Àå ÀüÅë¹®¹ý(Traditional Grammar) / 14
1.1 ±Ô¹ü¹®¹ý(Prescriptive Grammar)°ú ÀüÅë¹®¹ý(Traditional Grammar) / 15
1.2 ÀüÅë¹®¹ýÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡(Problems of Traditional Grammar) / 18
1.3 ÀüÅë¹®¹ýÀÇ °øÇå / 21
Á¦2Àå ¿ª»çºñ±³¾ð¾îÇÐ(Historical Comparative Linguistics) / 23
2.1 Á¸½º °æÀÇ »ê½ºÅ©¸®Æ®¾î ¹ß°ß / 23
2.2 ±×¸² ¹ýÄ¢(Grimm’s Law) / 25
2.3 º£¸£³ÊÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢(Verner’s Law) / 26
2.4 ºñ±³¹æ¹ý°ú À籸(The Comparative Method and Reconstruction) / 27
Á¦3Àå ±¸Á¶ ¹®¹ý(Structural Grammar) / 29
3.1 Saussure(1857∼1913) / 30
3.2 Saussure¿Í ±¸Á¶ ¹®¹ý(Structural Grammar) / 31
3.3 ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ±¸Á¶ÁÖÀÇ ¾ð¾îÇÐ(Structural Linguistics) / 34
3.4 BloomfieldÀÌÈÄÀÇ ±¸Á¶ÁÖÀÇ ¾ð¾îÇÐ / 36
3.5 ±¸Á¶ÁÖÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡(Problems of Structural Grammar) / 38
Á¦4Àå º¯Çü»ý¼º¹®¹ý(Transformational-generative Grammar) / 42
4.1¡¸Åë»ç±¸Á¶·Ð¡¹(Syntactic Structure)°ú º¯Çü»ý¼º¹®¹ýÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ / 43
4.2¡¸Åë»çÀÌ·ÐÀÇ Á¦ ¾ç»ó¡¹(Aspects of the Theory of Syntax : 1965)°ú
Ç¥ÁØÀÌ·Ð(Standard Theory) / 46
4.3 »ý¼º¹®¹ýÀÇ ¼öÁ¤°ú ¹ßÀü / 52
4.4 »ý¼º¹®¹ýÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ / 54
Á¦5Àå ¾ð¾î´É·Â°ú Åë»ç·Ð(Linguistic Faculty and Syntax) / 57
5.1 È¿ëÀû ¾ð¾î´É·Â(Pragmatic Competence) / 59
5.2 ¹®¹ýÀû ¾ð¾î´É·Â(Grammatical Competence) / 60
5.2.1 À½¿îÀû ¾ð¾î´É·Â(Phonological Competence) / 61
5.2.2 ÇüÅÂÀû ¾ð¾î´É·Â(Morphological Competence) / 63
5.2.3 ÀǹÌÀû ¾ð¾î´É·Â(Semantic Competence) / 64
5.2.4 Åë»çÀû ¾ð¾î´É·Â(Syntactic Competence) / 65
5.3 ¾ð¾î´É·ÂÀÇ Ã¢Á¶¼º(Creativity of Linguistic Competence) / 70
5.4 ¾ð¾îÇÐ : ¾ð¾î´É·ÂÀÇ Å½±¸ / 74
5.5 Åë»ç·Ð(Syntax) / 75
5.6 ¹üÁÖ ±âÃÊ Åë»ç·Ð(Category-based Syntax) / 77
Á¦2ºÎ ±ÔÄ¢ Áß½ÉÀÇ Åë»ç·Ð / 81
Á¦6Àå ¹®¹ý ¹üÁÖ(Grammatical Category)¿Í ±¸Àý±¸Á¶±ÔÄ¢(Phrase Structure Rules) / 82
6.1 ¹®¹ý ¹üÁÖ(Grammatical Category) / 83
6.2 ±¸¼º¼ººÐ ±¸Á¶(Constituent Structure) / 90
6.3 ±¸Àý±¸Á¶ ±ÔÄ¢(Phrase Structure Rules) / 97
6.4 ¹®¹ý ¹üÁÖ(¥±) / 101
6.5 ±¸ÀýÇ¥½Ã(Phrase-marker) / 107
6.6 ¾îÈÖ »ðÀÔ ±ÔÄ¢(Lexical Insertion Rule) / 113
Á¦7Àå ´Ü¹® º¯Çü(Simple Transformations) / 116
7.1 ½ÉÃþ±¸Á¶(Deep Structure)¿Í Ç¥Ãþ±¸Á¶(Surface Structure) / 117
7.2 º¯Çü ±ÔÄ¢(Transformational Rules) / 121
7.2.1 °£Á¢¸ñÀû¾î À̵¿±ÔÄ¢(Indirect Object Movement Rule) / 122
7.2.2 ¼öµ¿º¯Çü(Passive Transformation) / 125
7.2.3 Á¢»çÀ̵¿ ±ÔÄ¢(Affix Movement Rule) / 128
7.2.4 º¯Çü±ÔÄ¢ÀÇ Àû¿ë¼ø¼(The Ordering of Transformation) / 132
7.2.5 ºÎÁ¤ º¯Çü(Not Placement) / 135
7.2.6 ºÎÁ¤¾î Ãà¾à(Negative Contraction) / 139
7.2.7 ¸í·É º¯Çü(Imperative Transformation) / 140
7.2.8 Àǹ® º¯Çü(Question Transformation) / 145
7.2.9 DO-º¸Á¶(Do-Support) / 150
Á¦8Àå ³»Æ÷¹® º¯Çü(Embedding Transformations) / 155
8.1 ³»Æ÷¹®(Embedded Sentence) / 156
8.2 ¸í»çÀý º¯Çü(Noun Clause Transformation) / 161
8.3 °ü°èÀý º¯Çü(Relative Clause Transformation) / 168
8.3.1 Á¦ÇÑÀû °ü°èÀýÀÇ ½ÉÃþ±¸Á¶ / 170
8.3.2 °ü°èÈ ±ÔÄ¢ (Relativization Rules) / 175
8.3.3 µ¿¹Ý À̵¿(Pied Piping)°ú ÀüÄ¡»ç ÁÂÃÊ(Preposition Stranding) / 180
Á¦9Àå »ó½Â(Raising) / 183
9.1 ³»Æ÷¹®°ú º¸¹®¼Ò / 183
9.2 ÁÖ¾î-¸ñÀû¾î »ó½Â(Subject-to-Object Raising) / 188
9.3 ÁÖ¾î-ÁÖ¾î »ó½Â(Subject-to-Subject Raising) / 196
Á¦3ºÎ 70³â´ë Åë»ç·Ð(The Syntax of 1970s) / 201
Á¦10Àå È®´ëÇ¥ÁØÀÌ·Ð(EST) / 202
10.1 Katz-PostalÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì ºÒ º¯È °¡¼³°ú º¯Çü / 202
10.2 Ç¥ÁØÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡(Problems of Standard Theory) / 203
10.3 »ý¼ºÀǹ̷аú Çؼ®Àǹ̷Р/ 205
10.4 È®´ëÇ¥ÁØÀÌ·Ð(Extended Standard Theory : EST) / 208
Á¦11Àå Åë»ç Á¦¾à(Syntactic Constraints) / 214
11.1 60³â´ëÀÇ Åë»ç Á¦¾à / 214
11.1.1 »óÀ§¹üÁÖ ¿ì¼±¿øÄ¢(A-over-A Principle) / 215
11.1.2 Ross(1967)ÀÇ ¼¶Á¦¾à(Island Constraints) / 216
1. º¹ÇÕ¸í»ç±¸ Á¦¾à(Complex NP Constraint : CNPC) / 218
2. ¹®ÀåÁÖ¾î Á¦¾à(Sentential Subject Constraint : SSC) / 219
3. µîÀ§±¸Á¶ Á¦¾à(Coordinate Structure Constraint : CSC) / 221
4. Wh-¼¶ Á¶°Ç(Wh-Island Condition : WHIC) / 222
11.2. 70³â´ë È®´ëÇ¥ÁØÀÌ·Ð ÇÏÀÇ Åë»çÁ¦¾à 224
1. ÇÏÀ§ÀÎÁ¢ Á¶°Ç(Subjacency Condition : SC) / 225
2. ½ÃÁ¦¹® Á¶°Ç(Tensed-S Condition : TSC) / 229
3. ¸í½ÃÁÖ¾î Á¶°Ç(Specified Subject Condition : SSC) / 233
Á¦12Àå ¼öÁ¤È®´ëÇ¥ÁØ ÀÌ·Ð(Revised Extended Standard Theory : REST) / 237
12.1 RESTÀÇ ¹®¹ý¸ðµ¨ / 238
12.2 ÈçÀûÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â Áõ°Å / 239
12.3 ¼öÁ¤È®´ë Ç¥ÁØÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ÀǹÌÇؼ® / 243
12.4 X’-ÀÌ·Ð / 244
12.4.1 Áß°£¹üÁÖ X’ÀÇ ¼³Á¤ / 245
12.4.2. ÇÙ(Head)ÀÇ °³³ä / 249
12.4.3 X’-À̷аú PS-ruleÀÇ ÀϹÝÈ / 250
12.4.4. REST¿¡¼ÀÇ º¯Çü±ÔÄ¢ / 253
Á¦13Àå ¹üÁÖÀ̵¿(Move-α) / 256
13.1 NP-À̵¿(NP-Movement) / 257
13.1.1 NP-À̵¿ÀÇ °æÇèÀû Áõ°Å / 258
1. ÇÏÀ§¹üÁÖÈ(Subcategorization) / 258
2. °ü¿ë ¸í»ç±¸¿Í NP-À̵¿(Idiom Chunk NP and NP-Movement) / 258
3. ¼±Åà Á¦¾à(Selectional Restriction) / 259
4. Àç±Í´ë¸í»çÈ(Reflexivization)¿Í ÀÏÄ¡(Agreement)ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ NP-À̵¿ / 260
13.1.2 NP-À̵¿ÀÇ ÂøÁö(Landing Site) / 261
13.2 WH-À̵¿(WH-Movement) / 262
13.2.1 WH-À̵¿ÀÇ Áõ°Å / 263
13.2.2 WH-À̵¿ : ºÎ°¡±ÔÄ¢(Adjunction Rule) / 265
13.3 ¹üÁÖÀ̵¿(Move-α) / 269
13.3.1 V À̵¿ (V Movement) / 269
13.2.2 I À̵¿(I Movement) / 271
13.3.3 NP À̵¿ (NP movement) / 273
13.3.4 Àǹ®»çÀ̵¿(WH Movement) / 274
13.3.5 ¿ÜÄ¡À̵¿ (extraposition) / 277
13.4 À̵¿±ÔÄ¢ÀÇ Ãà¼ÒÈ : Move-α / 277
Á¦4ºÎ ¿ø¸®¿Í ¸Å°³º¯ÀÎ ÀÌ·Ð / 281
Á¦14Àå ¿ø¸®¿Í ¸Å°³º¯ÀÎ ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ °³¿ä / 282
14.1 ¿ø¸®¿Í ¸Å°³º¯ÀÎ ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ÀÌ¿øÀû ¹®¹ýü°è / 283
14.2 ±ÔĢü°èÀÇ ÇÏÀ§ºÎ¹® / 284
14.2.1 ¾îÈÖºÎ(Lexicon) / 284
14.2.2 Åë»çºÎ / 287
14.2.3 ³í¸®ÇüÅ ºÎ¹®(LF Component)°ú À½¼ºÇüÅ ºÎ¹®(PF Component) / 291
14.3 ¿ø¸®Ã¼°èÀÇ ÇÏÀ§¿ø¸® / 292
14.3.1 ¿ø¸®Ã¼°èÀÇ ÇÏÀ§¿ø¸® / 293
14.3.2 Àǹ̿ª ÀÌ·Ð(θ-Theory) / 295
Á¦15Àå Áö¹èÀÌ·Ð(Government Theory) / 301
15.1 Áö¹èÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ(Definition of Government) / 301
15.2 ¼ººÐÅë¾îÀÇ °³³ä(Notion of C-command) / 304
15.3 Áö¹è°ü°èÀÇ ¼º¸³ / 309
Á¦16Àå °ÝÀÌ·Ð(Case Theory)°ú ÅëÁ¦ÀÌ·Ð(Control Theory) / 314
16.1 °ÝÀÌ·Ð(Case Theory) / 314
16.1.1 °Ý¿©°ú(Case Filter)¿Í °ÝÇÒ´ç(Case Assignment) / 315
16.1.2 °ÝÇÒ´ç Á¶°Ç(Conditions on Case Assignment) / 317
16.1.3 ±¸Á¶°Ý(Structural Case)¿Í °íÀ¯°Ý(Inherent Case) / 321
16.1.4 ¿¹¿ÜÀû °ÝÇ¥½Ã(Exceptional Case-marking) / 324
16.2 ÅëÁ¦ ÀÌ·Ð(Control Theory) / 327
16.2.1 PRO¼³Á¤ÀÇ µ¿±â(Motivation for PRO) / 327
16.2.2 PROÀÇ ºÐÆ÷(Distribution of PRO) / 329
16.2.3 PROÀÇ ÅëÁ¦(Control of PRO) / 331
16.2.4 ÅëÁ¦ÀÚ¿Í PROÀÇ ±¸Á¶°ü°è(Structural Relation between Controller and PRO) / 332
Á¦17Àå °á¼ÓÀÌ·Ð(Binding Theory) / 334
17.1 ¿ø¸®¿Í ¸Å°³º¯ÀÎ ÀÌ·ÐÀüÀÇ °á¼ÓÁ¶°Ç / 334
17.2 Chomsky(1981)ÀÇ °á¼Ó ÀÌ·Ð(Binding Theory) / 338
17.3 Á¢±Ù°¡´É ´ëÁÖ¾î(Accessible SUBJECT) / 341
17.4 Huang(1982)ÀÇ Áö¹è¹üÁÖ / 346
Á¦18Àå °ø¹üÁÖ¿ø¸®(Empty Category Principle) / 348
18.1 °ø¹üÁÖ(Empty Category)ÀÇ Æ¯¼º / 348
18.1.1 °ø¹üÁÖÀÇ ºÐ·ù(Classification of Empty Categories) / 348
18.1.2 move-α¿Í °ø¹üÁÖ(Empty Category) / 350
18.1.3 ÈçÀû(Trace)°ú PROÀÇ Æ¯¼º / 353
18.1.4 ÈçÀû°ú PROÀÇ »óº¸Àû ºÐÆ÷°ü°è(Complementary Distribution) / 354
18.1.5 NP-t¿Í WH-tÀÇ »óº¸Àû ºÐÆ÷°ü°è / 355
18.1.6 °ø¹üÁÖ¿Í ¼±Çà»ç / 356
18.2 ÁÖ¾î/¸ñÀû¾î ºñ´ëĪ°ú °ø¹üÁÖ¿ø¸®
(Subject/Object Asymmetry and Empty Category Priciple) / 358
18.3 Chomsky(1981)ÀÇ °íÀ¯Áö¹è(Proper Government) / 360
18.3.1 ¾îÈÖÁö¹èÀÇ ¼º°Ý(The Nature of Lexical Government) / 361
18.3.2 ¼±Çà»ç Áö¹è(Antecedent Government) / 361
18.3.3 ChomskyÀÇ ECPÀÇ Àû¿ë ¹üÀ§ / 364
18.4 Chomsky(1986)ÀÇ °ø¹üÁÖ¿ø¸® / 366
Á¦19Àå ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ Åë»ç·Ð ¿¬±¸ : ÃÖ¼ÒÀÌ·Ð(Minimalist Program) / 372
19.1. ¹®¹ýü°è / 373
19.2. À¯Àΰú ±â´É¹üÁÖ / 375
19.3. Á¡°ËÀÌ·Ð / 379
19.4. °æÁ¦¿ø¸® / 382
19.5 ÃÖ¼ÒÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ¼³¸í·Â / 388
Âü°í¹®Çå / 393
»öÀÎ / 399
ÃâÆÇ»ç ¼Æò:
ÀÌ Ã¥Àº Åë»ç·Ð¿¡ óÀ½ ÀÔ¹®ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé°ú Åë»ç ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ±âÃʸ¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â Çлýµé¿¡°Ô ½±°Ô Á¢±ÙÇÏ¿© ¼ÒÈÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Çö´ë Åë»ç ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ÀÔ¹®¼°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥Àº Çö´ë Åë»ç·Ð ÀÌÀüÀÇ ´Ü°èÀÎ ÀüÅë¹®¹ý ±¸Á¶¹®¹ýÀÇ Æ¯Â¡°ú ¹®Á¦Á¡¿¡ °üÇÑ ³íÀÇ¿¡¼ Ãâ¹ßÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, ChomskyÅë»ç·ÐÀÇ ±âº»°³³ä¿¡ Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ ÇÏ¸é¼ ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ¼öÁ¤. º¸¾ÈµÇ´Â °úÁ¤À» ±× ¹è°æ°ú Çʿ伺¿¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®. ±â¼úÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î óÀ½ Åë»ç·Ð¿¡ ÀÔ¹®ÇÏ´Â Çлýµéµµ ½±°Ô Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ï´Â´Ù.